At the start of the 21st century large scale educational initiatives reshaped the landscape of general education setting rigorous academic expectations to all students. Despite the legal efforts to improve K-12 education, an abundance of research indicates that students entering college often lack basic learning and study skills. For adolescents…

A study explored the effects of direct instruction and modeling on students' ability to follow written directions. Subjects in the experimental group, 62 eighth-grade students enrolled in a suburban New Jersey middle school reasoning and study skills program, were given 22 class sessions of direct instruction and modeling for following written…

Undergraduate students in sociology (N=59) and psychology (N=50) participated in a study at a large midwestern university to determine if the pattern of attributional assignment, expectancy, performance, and perceived success was different in these two groups of undergraduates. Prior to taking the first of three exams each student was asked how…