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Wong, Vivian C.; Valentine, Jeffrey C.; Miller-Bains, Kate – Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness, 2017
This article summarizes results from 12 empirical evaluations of observational methods in education contexts. We look at the performance of three common covariate-types in observational studies where the outcome is a standardized reading or math test. They are: pretest measures, local geographic matching, and rich covariate sets with a strong…
Descriptors: Observation, Educational Research, Standardized Tests, Reading Tests
Conklin, Jon – 1978
It is unsafe to estimate achievement test norms for fall testing by linear interpolation between norms for the previous spring testing and norms for the following spring. Second grade students were tested in reading and arithmetic in the fall and in the spring to provide pre-test and post-test data for evaluation of academic growth. Three…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Achievement Gains, Achievement Tests, Comparative Analysis