Does "X" affect "Y"? Answering this question is particularly difficult if reverse causality is looming. Many social scientists turn to panel data to address such questions of causal ordering. Yet even in longitudinal analyses, reverse causality threatens causal inference based on conventional panel models. Whereas the…

In this article, we examine whether cross-national studies disclose enough information for independent researchers to evaluate the validity and reliability of the findings (evaluation transparency) or to perform a direct replication (replicability transparency). The first contribution is theoretical. We develop a heuristic theoretical model…

Recruiting participants through gatekeepers has been widely discussed in qualitative research. However, when a sampling frame is not available, surveying through gatekeepers can also be important for quantitative studies. We used three sampling methods to survey guardians of University students: (a) a gatekeeper variant of the time-space sampling,…

Ragin's Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) is often used with small to medium samples where the researcher has good case knowledge. Employing it to analyse large survey datasets, without in-depth case knowledge, raises new challenges. We present ways of addressing these challenges. We first report a single QCA result from a configurational…

The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare recent research papers on foreign language education in Turkish context with those published in international context to shed light on researchers and policy makers for future studies. This study filled a gap in this field and also aimed to increase the rate of acceptance of research papers…

Discusses areas of disagreement between the Institute of Medicine's report, "Homelessness, Health and Human Needs," and the controversial supplementary statement, "Health Care for the Homeless," issued separately by 10 of the authors. (FMW)

Discusses why the probability model of integration (P-type measure), which describes the relative isolation of groups, predicts perceptions of segregation more accurately than the more commonly used index of dissimilarity. The P-type measure is applied in a reexamination of intercity differences and temporal changes in segregation between 1960 and…

This paper explores the overt and covert ways in which the American educational system destroys cognitive styles which are different from the predominant Anglo-German style. Cognitive styles are the ways in which people think: how they organize and remember knowledge. The author contends that ethnic groups, specifically those of European origin,…

The fiscal characteristics of Black and White suburbs were investigated. Black suburbs have a substantially lower property tax base than White suburbs, higher taxes, and greater indebtedness. They provide a wider range of municipal services and significantly higher level of per capita expenditures. (Author/AM)

Discusses major methodological advances of the past 20 years within social anthropology. The advances fall into three broad areas: comparative studies and large-scale multicultural and holocultural investigations; cognitive anthropology, encompassing formal analysis and decision processes; and studies of intracultural diversity. (Author/KC)

The paper's main argument is that the rates of distributive injustice in industrial societies are significantly influenced by labor markets' institutional properties. Markets characterized by institutional properties that heavily favor capital at the expense of labor are expected to produce more distributive injustice--as well as more income…

Commonalities between the philosophical perspectives of Alfred Schatz, a European phenomenologist, and George Herbert Mead, the father of symbolic interactionism, are discussed, and the two men's potential significance in social science research is examined. Both men were concerned with the question of the nature of social action, believing that…

Analyzes the concept of comparison as a methodological problem in cross-cultural studies and comparative education. Outlines five types of relationships that rely on equivalence or comparability. Discusses the questions of whether the concepts under comparison correspond, how to measure correspondence, and how to resolve linguistic difficulties.…

Feminism is experiencing a similar dual crisis in the United States and France. One aspect of this crisis, the movement's alignment with other groups, is destructive, inevitably leading to the subordination of women's issues to "human" issues. The other dimension of the crisis, internal differences, is potentially creative, offering the…

Arguments and research studies examining whether people prefer arbitration or mediation to resolve a conflict between disputing parties are discussed, critiqued, and compared. In both mediation and arbitration a presumably neutral third party is involved, along with disputants, as an element of the dispute-resolution process. Mediation and…