Examined behavior problems of African American children attending Head Start in violent neighborhoods. Found Child Behavior Checklist externalization scores significantly higher than standardization sample; higher percentages of boys than girls had severe internalizing problems; higher percentages of girls than boys had severe externalizing…

Of 325 students who sought counseling services, males were significantly higher in loneliness than females, while females were significantly higher in depression than males. The greater loneliness of male counseling-seekers than that of females is discussed. These gender differences in depression appear to be consistent across cultures. (54…

In two urban infant schools, views on students' behavior was obtained from classmates and teachers. Boys' behavior was regarded as less appropriate than girls' behavior, particularly by classmates. There were significant positive correlations between teachers' and pupils' views, and similar results between schools, despite their social class…

This study examines two questions: (1) are the natural environmental contingencies under which reflective and impulsive children operate different? and (2) if so, which, if any of these differences, predict the nature of behavior change? Forty impulsive and reflective children and their mothers were observed while solving discrimination problems…

This study of parenting stress, child behavior, and dysphoria among 150 families found that parents of children with autism and behavior disorders reported more stress than parents of Down's syndrome or nondisabled children. Mothers of Down's syndrome children did not differ from mothers of nondisabled children on any measures. No major age or…

Two studies investigated two groups of young children at the ages of four and eight years, respectively. Subjects were required to solve a simple problem task by performing a response opposite to that demonstrated by an adult. Girls' performance was significantly worse than boys', regardless of the sex of the model. (Author/CI)

The Behavior Problem Checklist was used to assess the prevalence of behavior problems in deaf children (N=192) and compare these results to earlier studies of hearing and hearing-impaired children. Results were more consistent with past findings among children with no hearing problems. (Author/RC)

Investigated personality and family-of-origin differences in male and female alcoholics. Results, based on medical records (N=204) of patients admitted to a residential chemical dependency center indicate that, regarding personality disturbances, men were healthier than women. More women had psychiatric treatment, were married to an alcoholic, or…

Item characteristic curves were compared across gender and socioeconomic status (SES) groups for the university entrance mathematics examination in Turkey to see if any group had an advantage in solving computation, word-problem, or geometry questions. Differential item functioning was found, and patterns are discussed. (SLD)

Parent-reported problems and competencies for national samples of 2,600 children and youth assessed at intake into mental health services were compared with 2,600 demographically matched nonreferred children assessed in a home interview study. Age, gender, regional, ethnic, and socioeconomic comparisons drawn from a new questionnaire are…

The increasing use of educational performance or outcome measurements for a range of policy purposes points to new procedures for adjusting data for population composition. The purposes include: program formulation, budget resource allocation, grant-in-aid designs, performance incentive payments, consumer information for school selection, and…

College freshmen of both sexes in the classes of 1976 and 1986 were compared on the basis of individual items (problems) reported on a checklist. Results focus on class and sex differences in personal development, living conditions, social activities, social, personal, and interpersonal relations, home and family, morals, adjustment to college,…

The problem-solving performance of preschool children was examined in three conditions in which good performance was indicated as being appropriate for boys, for girls, or for both. Boys performed significantly more poorly when the task was indicated as one that girls did better. The girls' performance was not affected by the conditions of the…