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Direct linkHornberger, Nancy H.; Tapia, Aldo Anzures; Hanks, David H.; Dueñas, Frances Kvietok – Language Teaching, 2018
A decade ago, Hornberger & Johnson proposed that the ethnography of language planning and policy (ELPP) offers a useful way to understand how people create, interpret, and at times resist language policy and planning (LPP). They envisioned ethnographic investigation of layered LPP ideological and implementational spaces, taking up Hornberger's…
Descriptors: Ethnography, Language Planning, Second Language Learning, Language Usage
Bermingham, Nicola; Higham, Gwennan – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 2018
Immigrant integration in nation states increasingly focuses on the importance of learning the national state language. This is evidenced by increased emphasis on rigorous language testing and tighter citizenship regulations. This paper analyses immigrant integration in two sub-state contexts, Galicia and Wales, where presence of a national…
Descriptors: Immigrants, Language Tests, Social Integration, Second Language Learning
