Better understanding of the mechanisms underlying early reading skills can lead to improved interventions. Hence, the purpose of this study was to examine multivariate associations among reading, language, spoken phonological awareness, and fingerspelling abilities for three groups of deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) beginning readers: those who…

Second-, fifth-, and eleventh-graders (N=102) trained and tested on recalling the meanings of 64 American Sign Language nouns and verbs performed significantly better on recalling signs of high translucency and signs learned with mnemonic explanations. Fifth graders did better than the other two groups. (CB)