Online asynchronous interaction is considered a core part of online teacher training, which has an important impact on learners' learning experience and learning outcomes. How to provide immediate and effective feedback through technical support based on the learners' interactive content and enhance interactive connection has become a key issue in…

Rating scales are ubiquitous in the social sciences, yet may present practical difficulties when response formats change over time or vary across surveys. To allow researchers to pool rating data across alternative question formats, the article provides a generalization of the ordered logit model that accommodates multiple scale formats in the…

ChatGPT has been demonstrated to possess significant capabilities in generating intricate human-like text, and recent studies have established that its performance in theory of mind (ToM) tasks is strikingly comparable to a nine-year-old child's. However, it remains unknown whether ChatGPT outperforms children of this age group in Chinese writing,…

Automated scoring of free drawings or images as responses has yet to be used in large-scale assessments of student achievement. In this study, we propose artificial neural networks to classify these types of graphical responses from a TIMSS 2019 item. We are comparing classification accuracy of convolutional and feed-forward approaches. Our…

In massive open online course (MOOC) environments, computer-based analysis of course reviews enables instructors and course designers to develop intervention strategies and improve instruction to support learners' learning. This study aimed to automatically and effectively identify learners' concerned topics within their written reviews. First, we…

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the population invariance of equating functions across country subgroups in TIMSS 2015 mathematics tests in relation to the raw-score distribution, DIF, and DTF. We used equipercentile and IRT observed-score equating methods. The results of the study indicate that there is a relationship between the…

Reluctance of respondents to participate in surveys has long drawn the attention of survey researchers. Yet, little is known about what drives a respondent's decision to answer the survey invitation early or late during the field period. Moreover, we still lack evidence on response timing in longitudinal surveys. That is, the questions on whether…

Including routine client feedback can increase the effectiveness of mental health interventions for children, especially when implemented as intended. Rate of implementation, or dose, of such feedback interventions has been shown to moderate results in some studies. Variation in implementation and use of client feedback may also contribute to the…

The effectiveness of an organization depends highly on the performance of its employees. Performance appraisal is an instrument used to evaluate and enhance employee performance. This study aimed to compare performance appraisal practices in private and public secondary schools, focusing on aspects like appraiser's attitude, motivation, feedback,…

Country differences in response styles (RS) may jeopardize cross-country comparability of Likert-type scales. When adjusting for rather than investigating RS is the primary goal, it seems advantageous to impose minimal assumptions on RS structures and leverage information from multiple scales for RS measurement. Using PISA 2015 background…

It is well known that teachers' feedback plays an important role in students' learning, as it enhances learners' cognitive development; yet there has been little research on how positive feedback given in the form of emojis works in computer-assisted language learning (CALL) courses. In this study, an experiment was designed to clarify how English…

Despite the fact that third parties are present during a substantial amount of face-to-face interviews, bystander influence on respondents' response behavior is not yet fully understood. We use nine waves of the German Family Panel "pairfam" and apply fixed effects panel regression models to analyze effects of third-party presence on…

Despite the widespread implementation of learning analytics (LA)-based feedback systems, there exists a gap in empirical investigations regarding their influence on learning outcomes. Moreover, existing research primarily focuses on individual differences, such as self-regulation and motivation, overlooking the potential of feedback literacy (FL).…

Among the various systems taught in the preclinical phases, the nervous system is more challenging to learn than other systems. In this report, a novel teaching methodology, "real-life scenario (RLS) blended teaching," is described and its effectiveness in facilitating inquisitive learning in undergraduate medical students is evaluated.…

Background: Test score comparability in international large-scale assessments (LSAs) is greatly important to ensure test fairness. To effectively compare test scores on an international scale, score linking is widely used to convert raw scores from different linguistic version of test forms into a common score scale. An example is the multigroup…