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Papageorgiou, Spiros; Wu, Sha; Hsieh, Ching-Ni; Tannenbaum, Richard J.; Cheng, Mengmeng – ETS Research Report Series, 2019
The past decade has seen an emerging interest in mapping (aligning or linking) test scores to language proficiency levels of external performance scales or frameworks, such as the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR), as well as locally developed frameworks, such as China's Standards of English Language Ability (CSE). Such alignment is…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Language Tests, Second Language Learning, Computer Assisted Testing
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Liu, Shujie; Xu, Xianxuan; Grant, Leslie; Strong, James; Fang, Zheng – Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 2017
This article presents the results of an interpretive policy analysis of China's Ministry of Education Standards (2013) for the professional practice of principals. In addition to revealing the evolution of the evaluation of principals in China and the processes by which this policy is formulated, a comparative analysis was conducted to compare it…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Principals, Administrator Evaluation, Policy Analysis