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Lenhoff, Sarah Winchell; Ulmer, Jasmine B. – Education Policy Analysis Archives, 2016
The ways in which the language of reformers intersects with and informs reform implementation is important to our understanding of how education policy impacts practice. To explore this issue, we employed critical discourse analysis (CDA) to analyze the language used by a 21st century skills-focused reform organization to promote its program…
Descriptors: Alignment (Education), Educational Policy, Program Implementation, Policy Formation
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Sandlin, Benjamin; Harshman, Jordan; Yezierski, Ellen – Journal of Chemical Education, 2015
A 2011 report by the Department of Education states that understanding how teachers use results from formative assessments to guide their practice is necessary to improve instruction. Chemistry teachers have goals for items in their formative assessments, but the degree of alignment between what is assessed by these items and the teachers' goals…
Descriptors: Formative Evaluation, Chemistry, Test Items, Behavioral Objectives