Comparison of high-risk, low-risk, and learning-disabled high school students' foreign language performance found clear evidence of significant differences in the foreign language learning potential of low- and high-risk students and striking similarities between high-risk and learning-disabled students regarding foreign language learning…

A discussion of the Linguistic Coding Deficit Hypothesis presents an overview of the theory; describes five prototypes of second-language learners, each illustrated by a distinct language processing profile; and examines how the ability to identify prototypes can help teachers interpret student difficulties and design instruction to address them.…