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Michael C. Robbins; Zhuping Li – Field Methods, 2025
The Nolan Index (NI) is a normed, quantitative measure for comparing the degree of resemblance (similarity or dissimilarity) between free listings with an Excel program for calculating it. This article enhances that effort with the addition of an R program and additional applications. Free-list resemblance measures have been used to investigate…
Descriptors: Computation, Norm Referenced Tests, Comparative Analysis, Spreadsheets
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Eunsung Park; Jongpil Cheon – Journal of Educational Computing Research, 2025
Debugging is essential for identifying and rectifying errors in programming, yet time constraints and students' trivialization of errors often hinder progress. This study examines differences in debugging challenges and strategies among students with varying computational thinking (CT) competencies using weekly coding journals from an online…
Descriptors: Undergraduate Students, Programming, Computer Software, Troubleshooting