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Direct linkSparks, Richard L.; Patton, Jon; Luebbers, Julie – Foreign Language Annals, 2019
Studies with U.S. secondary second language (L2) learners have revealed individual differences (IDs) in first language (L1) skills and L2 aptitude and shown that these IDs are related to L2 achievement and proficiency. In this study, U.S. students were administered measures of L1 achievement, L1 cognitive processing, and L2 aptitude; followed…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Low Achievement, Language Aptitude, Second Language Learning
Sparks, Richard; Patton, Jon; Ganschow, Leonore; Humbach, Nancy – Language Learning, 2009
This study investigated the relationship of first language (L1) skills in elementary school and second language (L2) learning in high school. Students classified as high-, average-, and low-proficiency L2 learners were compared on L1 achievement measures of reading, spelling, vocabulary, phonological awareness, and listening comprehension…
Descriptors: Listening Comprehension, Spelling, Phonological Awareness, Decoding (Reading)
