In recent years issues concerning community support for education and participation in educational management have come to the fore in developing Asian and Pacific countries. The United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, Principal Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCO/PROAP) has organized regional training…

This article highlights some issues raised at the 1985 Botswana workshop that focused on community financing of primary and secondary schools. Discusses mechanisms for raising resources (charges on pupils, resources from within the community, resources from outside the community), problems of quality and equity, and central guidance and control.…

Drawing on his long experience of Africa, the author discusses what needs to be done and what needs to be avoided to ensure that labor-intensive special public works programs yield tangible and lasting results. (Author)

This study examines how communities participate in schools across diverse contexts in developing countries and the results attributed to community participation. It reviews evaluations of participatory approaches to education in developing countries to answer two basic questions: 1) How do communities participate in school in developing countries?…

Currently, Africa stands out as the world's poorest and most educationally deprived region. Where communities are empowered to identify their own needs and priorities, participate in decisions about resource allocation, and hold education providers accountable for ensuring that children receive a minimum acceptable standard of education, schooling…

The goal of the Informational Program is to give foreign military trainees an opportunity to obtain a balanced understanding of U.S. society, institutions and ideals. (Editor)

Strategies for community management and financing of educational systems in developing countries are presented in this book, which is the outcome of a Commonwealth Secretariat workshop and associated studies. Part 1 deals with preliminary issues such as different types of communities and schools and reasons for community support. Part 2 provides…

Revising the school curriculum to meet community needs by integrating formal and informal approaches, rather than implementing one national program, is proposed as a way to meet India's educational needs. (AG)

In 1977, the government of the Sudan launched the Integrated Rural Development Project with the aim of ruralizing and vocationalizing primary school education. Integrated Rural Education Centres (IRECs) were the first attempt by the government to introduce vocational subjects as part of general education at the primary school level. Unfortunately,…

The barangay high schools (BHS) in rural areas of the Philippines were established by villagers to provide relevant education that combined features of a formal academic school system with a nonformal vocational system. Historical periods of the development of the BHS system were: (1) period of introduction and experimentation (1964-69); (2)…

This study investigates the impact of activities done in the basic education sub-sector by a consortium of four non-government organizations in four provinces in Afghanistan from January 2004 to June 2005. The evaluation uses the project objectives and components as the evaluation framework, and data collected through survey questionnaires,…

Discusses extending AIDS/HIV counseling in developing countries from individual to family and community as a means of facilitating changes and support. Increases in the capacity of communities to care and hope result from the counseling shift from individuals to communities. Gives examples of such counseling shifts in the countries of Brazil, Sri…

The first part of the case study describes the establishment of kilns to produce fired bricks in the Luristan region of Iran and utilization of local skills and resources to meet local needs. The emphasis is on providing job opportunities to supplement the existing agricultural economic base and on supporting the local building industry, both of…

This book explores the problems and issues of secondary-school financing in developing countries. It outlines the rationale for expanding secondary education, investigates under what conditions it might be possible to do so at sustainable cost levels, presents case studies of secondary-school financing, and offers policy recommendations. The first…

Intended to assist Agency for International Development officers, advisors, and health officials in incorporating health planning into national plans for economic development, this ninth of ten manuals in the International Health Planning Methods series contains eight papers dealing with the integration of community health concerns into…