COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT HAS BECOME A SUCCESSFUL INTERNATIONAL MOVEMENT BY PROVIDING BOTH FOREIGN AID PERSONNEL AND "NEW ELITES" WITH A STRATEGY FOR MAXIMIZING CERTAIN SYSTEM-MAINTENANCE PROCLIVITIES. BUT IT TENDS TO BE UNSUCCESSFUL AS A COMMUNITY MOVEMENT FOR TWO REASONS--(1) IT THREATENS AND IS THREATENED BY INDEPENDENT ENTRON COMMUNITIES (COMPOSED OF PERSONS UNAFRAID TO PUSH THEMSELVES FORWARD AND TO INTERACT WITH HIGHER STATUS PERSONS FOR ECONOMIC ADVANTAGE) WHO ARE ACHIEVING ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL EMANCIPATION ON THEIR OWN, AND (2) THE ENCOGIDO COMMUNITIES (MADE UP OF THE TIMID AND WITHDRAWN) IT IS EQUIPPED TO HELP ARE REPATRONIZED BY DEPENDENCY RELATIONSHIPS ESTABLISHED THROUGH INTERACTION OF THE SYSTEM-MAINTAINING PROCLIVITIES OF BOTH COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT AND THE ENCOGIDO SYNDROME. COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT LITERATURE PROVIDES FEW RIGOROUS PROJECT STUDIES OR CRITICAL ANALYSES TO SHOW HOW THE DOCTRINE WORKS IN PRACTICE. VOLUNTARY COOPERATION AND COMMUNAL LABOR ARE USUALLY UNECONOMIC AND NOT CONDUCIVE TO DEVELOPMENT. A SYSTEM BASED ON WAGES AND TAXES WOULD BE MORE PRODUCTIVE, AT LEAST IN LATIN AMERICA. (THERE ARE COMMENTS BY FOUR COLLEAGUES AND A REJOINDER BY THE AUTHOR.) THIS ARTICLE APPEARED IN HUMAN ORGANIZATION, VOLUME 27, NUMBER 1, SPRING 1968, PAGES 65-74. (AJ)