Newark, New Jersey has been at the forefront of school reform from the civil rights era through more recent efforts to resist neoliberal school reform approaches during the 2010s. Drawing on interviews with activists, policymakers, and school reformers, this paper documents the history of community organizing as a strategy to improve conditions in…

Education played a pivotal role in African-Americans' post-World War II struggle for equality. Many activists believed that victories against racially discriminatory school systems would lead to gains in other critical areas. By examining Howalton Day School, a black private school on Chicago's South Side in operation from 1946-1986, this article…

In this article Jennifer de Forest details the 1958 Harlem school boycott and the resulting court case, "In the Matter of Charlene Skipwith." de Forest demonstrates how the Harlem Parents' Committee mobilized dissent in Harlem and led a boycott that effectively used the Supreme Court's 1954 decision in "Brown II," which…

Excerpts of testimony by the author before the Senate Subcommittee on Indian Education hearings, February-March, 1969. The education system, culturally biased toward whites, is discussed, as well as proposals for greater Indian control of education. (DM)

The struggle to preserve their culture has turned Indians into educational activists pushing Congress for control of their own schools. (Author)

From the proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Education Commission of the States (3rd, Denver, Colorado, July 7-9, 1969).

This paper presents a conceptual model for determining patterns of predecisional behavior of school administrators, and a method for empirical verification of the model through content analysis of subjects' responses to complex problem-solving situations. The discussion concerns the concept of the relationship among identifiable patterns of…

Expresses the view that more and more black students become alienated and will transform as a class into a revolutionary nationalist intelligentsia for the movement toward independent nationhood. (DM)

Client systems are groups of students or citizens with a stake in the institution of education, who depend upon it, and who are motivated to take some action in its regard. Teachers comprise a third system with a professional interest in education. Each system is a complex of subsystems or subgroups with contradictory as well as complementary…

In 1969 after an intense political campaign, three Mexican Americans won seats on the board of trustees of the Cucamonga (California) School District--the Chicano Movement's first successful effort at community control of a school board. Political organizing strategies, community-initiated self-help projects, the new board's educational reforms,…

A social and educational revolution is recasting the goals and function of schooling in the United States. Because of this, the persistent dilemmas of curriculum decision-making have become more urgent. The first dilemma deals with the problem of choosing between the virtues of community control and student-initiated curriculum making and the…

In this interview, Albert Shanker, president of the United Federation of Teachers of New York City, executive vice president of the American Federation of Teachers, and vice president of the AFL/CIO, discussed such topics as the following: his participation in a meeting of labor leaders with President Ford on September 11; the potential influence…

This paper is designed as a guide to the study of empowerment in the neighborhood movement for historic preservation in New Orleans' French Quarter. For this case study, whose initial focus in on a relatively affluent sector of the population, culture and identity become prominent. However, the review adopts a broader focus to ensure its…

States that Helen Scheirbeck has been an educational advocate for American Indians in Washington D.C. and in various academic settings since the late 1960s. Reports that, in particular, she pushed for change in political and bureaucratic processes and attitudes to help American Indians exercise more sovereignty over their educational institutions.…

Three major areas of confrontation within the educational system stem from power shifts taking place within the social system as a whole. The taxpayer's revolt against increased school expenditures as juxtaposed to teachers' collective demands for salary increases forms the nucleus of one major confrontation area. Secondly, urban schools face a…