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Mayberry, Megan L.; Espelage, Dorothy L.; Koenig, Brian – Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 2009
This study tested a social-ecological model of adolescent substance use. Multilevel modeling was used to investigate how systems, such as parents, peers, schools, and communities, directly influence and interact together to influence adolescent substance use. Participants included 14,548 (50.3% female) middle school students who were 78.6% White,…
Descriptors: Substance Abuse, Models, Adolescents, Middle School Students
Goux, Dominique; Maurin, Eric – Centre for the Economics of Education (NJ1), 2006
Children's outcomes are strongly correlated with those of their neighbours. The extent to which this is causal is the subject of an extensive literature. An identification problem exists because people with similar characteristics are observed to live in close proximity. Another major difficulty is that neighbourhoods measured in available data…
Descriptors: Proximity, Foreign Countries, Neighborhoods, Outcomes of Education