This investigation sought to learn what communication behavior, if any, differentiated high- from low-Machiavellians. Two independent variables were examined, Machiavellianism (high and low) and experimental condition (naive and confederate). Dependent variables included the 12 categories of Bales' Interaction Process Analysis. The results suggest…

An example of how the quality of research on small groups could be enhanced is to develop a framework of scholarship around a series of hierarchical guiding questions concerning the functions of communication in the small group, the characteristics of the behavior and of the producers of that behavior that determine the extent to which particular…

Using data drawn from ten initial physician/patient interviews, an original category system was employed to analyze patterns of physician/patient communication. Static analysis, interaction analysis, and Markov chain analysis were used to discover the underlying communication patterns associated with patient satisfaction. Results revealed that…

The etiological approach to psychological research is discussed, particularly regarding research on visual and vocal behavior. Thirty-four adult female dyads discussed topics on which they agreed and on which they disagreed. Each subject's looking and talking was recorded by observers on a computer in a time frame data structure. Data were…

Four hypotheses concerning the relationship between communication apprehension and four types of hand movements were formulated and tested in a study involving 74 students at an eastern university. The hand movements were emblems (hand movement not related to speech), illustrators (hand movement which accompanies speech), self-adaptors (nervous…

A conceptual approach toward more effective small group functioning is undertaken in this paper to provide a basis from which empirically relevant hypotheses can be drawn and tested. This analysis views actualizing individuals as possessing the unique ability to perceive and utilize the types of behaviors which are conducive to personalizing group…

The paper presents a nontechnical analysis of the philosophical theory of speech acts as a paradigmatic explanation of interpersonal communication. A contrast is drawn between the idea that meaning is "in people" and the speech act theory that meaning is an interpersonal construct. There are nine conditions of interpersonal communication that must…

Attitude changes in those who receive messages can be affected by the conditions of explicitness and effort under which the messages are transmitted. Messages produced under conditions of "publicness" will change more attitudes among receivers than those produced under more private conditions. Likewise, subjects who receive messages under a…

To study the effect of democratic and autocratic leadership styles upon the commitment and productivity of voluntary adult groups, eight tenant councils, composed of approximately six persons each, were selected to serve as experimental groups. Trained researchers acting as discussion leaders for each council functioned as either democratic or…

The author examines: (1) the relationship between individual family member self-concept and the communication patterns of parents and their adolescents; and (2) sex differences in communication patterns and self-concepts pertaining to intra-family relationships. (MJB)

Investigates certain subtle extraverbal cues and whether these relate to accord or discord between newlywed couples. (MH)

Examines the relationship between patterns of communication (in groups) and group outcomes. Specifically, it attempts to reveal contrasts in the structure of communication between groups whose consensual outcomes are dissimilar. (Author/HMV)

Emphasizing humanistic approaches, this essay proposes to: analyze and develop the need for supervisors and teachers to be dialogic rather than monologic communicators; analyze and develop the necessary conditions for dialogue with self and others; and apply dialogic communication to the supervision process in the school. (JC)