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Zawadzka, Katarzyna; Hanczakowski, Maciej – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2019
Attempting to guess an answer to a memory question has repeatedly been shown to benefit memory for the answer compared to merely reading what the answer is, even when the guess is incorrect. In this study, we investigate 2 potential explanations for this effect in a single experimental procedure. According to the semantic explanation, the benefits…
Descriptors: Memory, Guessing (Tests), Semantics, Cues
Heusser, Andrew C.; Ezzyat, Youssef; Shiff, Ilana; Davachi, Lila – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
Episodic memories are not veridical records of our lives, but rather are better described as organized summaries of experience. Theories and empirical research suggest that shifts in perceptual, temporal, and semantic information lead to a chunking of our continuous experiences into segments, or "events." However, the consequences of…
Descriptors: Mnemonics, Associative Learning, Memory, Cognitive Processes
Jorge A. Pinto,; Vogel, Edgar H.; Núñez, Daniel E. – Psicologica: International Journal of Methodology and Experimental Psychology, 2017
The learned predictiveness effect or LPE is the finding that when people learn that certain cues are reliable predictors of an outcome in an initial stage of training (phase 1), they exhibit a learning bias in favor of these cues in a subsequent training involving new outcomes (phase 2) despite all cues being equally reliable in phase 2. In…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Difficulty Level, Predictor Variables, Cues
Carpenter, Alexis C.; Schacter, Daniel L. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2017
Episodic memory involves flexible retrieval processes that allow us to link together distinct episodes, make novel inferences across overlapping events, and recombine elements of past experiences when imagining future events. However, the same flexible retrieval and recombination processes that underpin these adaptive functions may also leave…
Descriptors: Memory, Recall (Psychology), Inferences, Accuracy
Jonker, Tanya R.; MacLeod, Colin M. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2017
Remembering the order of a sequence of events is a fundamental feature of episodic memory. Indeed, a number of formal models represent temporal context as part of the memory system, and memory for order has been researched extensively. Yet, the nature of the code(s) underlying sequence memory is still relatively unknown. Across 4 experiments that…
Descriptors: Memory, Recall (Psychology), Sequential Learning, Experiments
Olszewska, Justyna M.; Reuter-Lorenz, Patricia A.; Munier, Emily; Bendler, Sara A. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2015
False working memories readily emerge using a visual item-recognition variant of the converging associates task. Two experiments, manipulating study and test modality, extended prior working memory results by demonstrating a reliable false recognition effect (more false alarms to associatively related lures than to unrelated lures) within seconds…
Descriptors: Memory, Recognition (Psychology), Auditory Perception, Correlation
Hutchison, Keith A.; Heap, Shelly J.; Neely, James H.; Thomas, Matthew A. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2014
Participants completed a battery of 3 attentional control (AC) tasks (OSPAN, antisaccade, and Stroop, as in Hutchison, 2007) and performed a lexical decision task with symmetrically associated (e.g., "sister-brother") and asymmetrically related primes and targets presented in both the forward (e.g., "atom-bomb") and backward…
Descriptors: Attention Control, Priming, Experimental Psychology, Associative Learning
Saito, Kazuya; Suzukida, Yui; Sun, Hui – Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 2019
The current study longitudinally examined the influence of aptitude on second language (L2) pronunciation development when 40 first-year Japanese university students engaged in practice activities inside and outside English-as-a-Foreign-Language classrooms over one academic year. Spontaneous speech samples were elicited at the beginning, middle,…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Pronunciation, Pronunciation Instruction
Hwu, Fenfang; Pan, Wei; Sun, Shuyan – Language Teaching Research, 2014
Finding the match between individuals and educational treatments is the aim of both educators and the aptitude-treatment interaction research paradigm. Using the latent growth curve analysis, the present study investigates the interaction between the type of explicit instructional approaches (deductive vs. explicit-inductive) and the level of…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Language Aptitude, Grammar, Teaching Methods
Hutter, Mandy; Sweldens, Steven; Stahl, Christoph; Unkelbach, Christian; Klauer, Karl Christoph – Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2012
Whether human evaluative conditioning can occur without contingency awareness has been the subject of an intense and ongoing debate for decades, troubled by a wide array of methodological difficulties. Following recent methodological innovations, the available evidence currently points to the conclusion that evaluative conditioning effects do not…
Descriptors: Conditioning, Evaluation, Contingency Management, Association (Psychology)
Coskun, Hamit – Journal of Creative Behavior, 2011
The present experiment examined whether or not the type of associations (close (e.g. apple-pear) and distant (e.g. apple-fish) word associations) and memory instruction (paying attention to the ideas of others) had effects on the idea generation performances in the brainwriting paradigm in which all participants shared their ideas by using paper…
Descriptors: Brainstorming, Associative Learning, Memory, College Students
Ash, Ivan K.; Jee, Benjamin D.; Wiley, Jennifer – Journal of Problem Solving, 2012
Gestalt psychologists proposed two distinct learning mechanisms. Associative learning occurs gradually through the repeated co-occurrence of external stimuli or memories. Insight learning occurs suddenly when people discover new relationships within their prior knowledge as a result of reasoning or problem solving processes that re-organize or…
Descriptors: Intuition, Learning Processes, Metacognition, Associative Learning
Howe, Mark L.; Wimmer, Marina C.; Gagnon, Nadine; Plumpton, Shannon – Journal of Memory and Language, 2009
The effects of associative strength and gist relations on rates of children's and adults' true and false memories were examined in three experiments. Children aged 5-11 and university-aged adults participated in a standard Deese/Roediger-McDermott false memory task using DRM and category lists in two experiments and in the third, children…
Descriptors: Cues, Semantics, College Students, Children

Hayduk, Allan W.; Osborne, John W. – Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 1981
The fact that a significant amount of release from proactive interference was obtained with subjects in this study by shifting between differentially arousing categories of words suggested that rated word arousal is an encoding dimension in short-term memory. (CM)
Descriptors: Associative Learning, College Students, Higher Education, Memory

Kroes, William H.; Libby, William L., Jr. – Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1971
Descriptors: Associative Learning, Cognitive Processes, College Students, Concept Formation
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