The purpose of this article is to describe the results from an investigation of the development of students' attitudes and behaviours conducive to self-directed learning (SDL) in problem-based learning. The article reports the results from an application of a newly validated statistical instrument to measure self-directed learning on bachelor…

Community-based learning (CBL) integrates problem-based service-learning, volunteerism, and experiential learning across a variety of disciplines. The Community-Based Learning Impact Scale is an instrument developed to measure the impact on a liberal arts university campus. Scale items were generated from focus groups, literature, and existing…

Reflective-thinking skills are important in problem-based learning environments as they help learners become deeply engaged in learning. The literature suggests several instructional-design factors (e.g., environment, teaching methods, scaffolding tools) that may prompt reflection in learners. However, it is unclear whether these factors differ…