In 2020, King's College London introduced HyFlex teaching as a means to supplement online and face-to-face teaching and to respond to COVID-19 restrictions. This enabled teaching to a mixed cohort of students (both online and on campus). This article provides an outline of how such an approach was conceptualized and implemented in a…

Purpose: Digital technology's integration into education has transformed learning frameworks, necessitating the exploration of factors influencing students' engagement in digital informal settings. This study, grounded in self-determination theory (SDT), proposes a model comprising artificial intelligence (AI) competence, chatbot usage, perceived…

Although there are many studies on distance students' language learning strategies (LLS) use, very little is known about what distinguishes LLS use between synchronous and asynchronous environments. This preliminary mixed-methods research helps to fill this gap by investigating distance students' LLS use in these two environments. The picture of…

Aim/Purpose: This article seeks answers to the following--(1) What describes a 'sense of belonging', inclusiveness, and well-being for students? (2) Which aspects of blended learning, synchronous and asynchronous, promote students' 'sense of belonging'? and (3) What are the state-of-the-art best practices for creating inclusive curriculum design…

This study was conducted to examine the relationship between distance education students' cognitive flexibility levels and their distance education motivations. In the study, cognitive flexibility levels and distance education motivations were also investigated in terms of several variables (gender, age, computer and internet usage time, time…

This study explored the cognitive mechanism behind information integration in the test anxiety judgments in 140 engineering students. An experiment was designed to test four factors combined (test goal orientation, test cognitive functioning level, test difficulty and test mode). The experimental task required participants to read 36 scenarios,…

We propose a learning innovation called 3-in-1 Hybrid environment as a solution for educational institutions to meet the challenge of balancing campus reopening against public health risks amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Our proposed innovation provides students options to attend class synchronously (either face-to-face or remote) or asynchronously…

Adaptive Educational Hypermedia Systems (AEHS) play a crucial role in supporting adaptive learning and immensely outperform learner-control based systems. AEHS' page indexing and hyperspace rely mostly on navigation supports which provide the learners with a user-friendly interactive learning environment. Such AEHS features provide the systems…

In an increasingly digital society, educators are encouraged to use synchronous online technologies. This study attempts to explore the community of inquiry in a web conferencing system through synchronous interactions and focuses on the relationships between cognitive presence and academic achievements. Participants were teacher candidates…

This paper presents the results of how four dyads in an online task-based synchronous computer-mediated (TB-SCMC) interaction event use their agency to carry out speaking tasks, and how their choices and actions affect time spent interacting in the target language. A case study approach was employed to analyse the language functions and cognitive…

This study focuses on the relationships established between the elements that compose the community of inquiry (CoI): cognitive, social, and teaching presence. Using three questionnaires, we analyse the students' perception of synchronous and asynchronous virtual in text-based communication (chats, forums and emails). Starting from the high…

In this paper we propose i-SERF (integrated-Self Evaluated and Regulated Framework) an integrated self-evaluated and regulated framework, which facilitates synchronous and asynchronous education, focusing on teaching and learning in higher education. The i-SERF framework is a two-layered framework that takes into account various elements of…

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the effects of mobile instant messaging on collaborative learning processes and outcomes. The collaborative processes were measured in terms of different types of interactions. We measured the outcomes of the collaborations through both the students' taskwork and their teamwork. The collaborative…

The proliferation and ease of access to information and communication technologies (ICTs) such as Facebook, text messaging, and instant messaging has resulted in ICT users being presented with more real-time streaming data than ever before. Unfortunately, this has also resulted in individuals increasingly engaging in multitasking as an information…

The purpose of the study was to determine to what extent online instructors make use of synchronous tools, and whether use of synchronous tools is correlated with retention. Between April and September of 2010 a confidential web survey was e-mailed to 120 randomly selected higher education instructors across the country who taught either 3- or…