The use of established scales in research is beneficial for benchmarking, but problematic when local results are invalid, both for local administrators and for the data pool in which the data become part. Administrators at one southeastern community college, as part of a statewide system's effort to exceed a given threshold on the Community…

As institutions seek to promote student engagement on campus, the National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE) is increasingly being used to chart progress and compare results using the Five Benchmark Scores. While recent research has begun to decompose the five benchmarks in a variety of ways; few research studies have sought to explore the…