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Peer reviewedKauffman, Joel M. – Journal of Chemical Education, 1986
Presents the exploded structure method for determination of oxidation states in covalently bound atoms. The three step method is illustrated with four examples and compared to popular textbook presentations. (JM)
Descriptors: Atomic Structure, Chemical Analysis, Chemical Bonding, Chemistry
Peer reviewedPrice, Alun H. – School Science Review, 1980
Briefly describes the application of thermodynamics (system at equilibrium) to the study of the extraction of metals from their oxides (dynamic situation). It is more relevant to study the temperature variation of the equilibrium constants of the reaction than to study the free energy approach. (Author/SK)
Descriptors: Chemical Equilibrium, Chemical Reactions, Chemistry, College Science
