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Direct linkFairchild, Graeme; Hagan, Cindy C.; Walsh, Nicholas D.; Passamonti, Luca; Calder, Andrew J.; Goodyer, Ian M. – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2013
Background: Conduct disorder (CD) in female adolescents is associated with a range of negative outcomes, including teenage pregnancy and antisocial personality disorder. Although recent studies have documented changes in brain structure and function in male adolescents with CD, there have been no neuroimaging studies of female adolescents with CD.…
Descriptors: Identification, Pregnancy, Adolescents, Brain Hemisphere Functions
Van der Molen, M. J. W.; Van der Molen, M. W.; Ridderinkhof, K. R.; Hamel, B. C. J.; Curfs, L. M. G.; Ramakers, G. J. A. – Brain and Cognition, 2012
The ability to flexibly adapt to the changing demands of the environment is often reported as a core deficit in fragile X syndrome (FXS). However, the cognitive processes that determine this attentional set-shifting deficit remain elusive. The present study investigated attentional set-shifting ability in fragile X syndrome males with the…
Descriptors: Mental Age, Age, Down Syndrome, Scoring
Cornwell, Brian R.; Mueller, Sven C.; Kaplan, Raphael; Grillon, Christian; Ernst, Monique – Brain and Cognition, 2012
Anxiety is typically considered an impediment to cognition. We propose anxiety-related impairments in cognitive-behavioral performance are the consequences of enhanced stimulus-driven attention. Accordingly, reflexive, habitual behaviors that rely on stimulus-driven mechanisms should be facilitated in an anxious state, while novel, flexible…
Descriptors: Evidence, Safety, Prediction, Anxiety
Till, Sally M.; Li, Hsiu-Ling; Miniaci, Maria Concetta; Kandel, Eric R.; Choi, Yun-Beom – Learning & Memory, 2011
Loss of the Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) is associated with presumed postsynaptic deficits in mouse models of Fragile X syndrome. However, the possible presynaptic roles of FMRP in learning-related plasticity have received little attention. As a result, the mechanisms whereby FMRP influences synaptic function remain poorly…
Descriptors: Mental Retardation, Long Term Memory, Depression (Psychology), Cognitive Processes
Sutton, Jennifer E.; Twyman, Alexandra D.; Joanisse, Marc F.; Newcombe, Nora S. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2012
The geometry formed by the walls of a room is known to be a potent cue in reorientation, yet little is known about the use of geometric information gleaned from other contexts. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine neural activity in adults while reorienting in 3 different environments: the typical rectangular walled room, a…
Descriptors: Structural Elements (Construction), Evidence, Neurology, Geometric Concepts
Dubois, Cyril; Otzenberger, Helene; Gounot, Daniel; Sock, Rudolph; Metz-Lutz, Marie-Noelle – Neuropsychologia, 2012
In a noisy environment, visual perception of articulatory movements improves natural speech intelligibility. Parallel to phonemic processing based on auditory signal, visemic processing constitutes a counterpart based on "visemes", the distinctive visual units of speech. Aiming at investigating the neural substrates of visemic processing in a…
Descriptors: Articulation (Speech), Visual Perception, Medicine, Experiments
Mihov, Yoan; Hurlemann, Rene – Neuropsychologia, 2012
More than 5 million deaths a year are attributable to tobacco smoking, making it the largest single cause of preventable death worldwide. The primary addictive component in tobacco is nicotine. Its addictive power is exemplified by the fact that by far most attempts to quit smoking fail. It is therefore mandatory to understand the biological…
Descriptors: Evidence, Substance Abuse, Smoking, Research Methodology
Luce-Kapler, Rebecca; Catlin, Susan; Sumara, Dennis; Kocher, Philomene – Changing English: Studies in Culture and Education, 2011
In this paper, the authors investigate the enduring power of voice as a concept in writing pedagogy. They argue that one can benefit from considering Elbow's assertion that both text and voice be considered as important aspects of written discourse. In particular, voice is a powerful metaphor for the material, social and historical nature of…
Descriptors: Writing Processes, Writing Skills, Cognitive Processes, Authors
Nadal, Marcos; Pearce, Marcus T. – Brain and Cognition, 2011
Neuroaesthetics is a young field of research concerned primarily with the neural basis of cognitive and affective processes engaged when an individual takes an aesthetic or artistic approach towards a work of art, a non-artistic object or a natural phenomenon. In September 2009, the "Copenhagen Neuroaesthetics Conference" brought together leading…
Descriptors: Interdisciplinary Approach, Art Expression, Neurology, Aesthetics
Gomot, Marie; Blanc, Romuald; Clery, Helen; Roux, Sylvie; Barthelemy, Catherine; Bruneau, Nicole – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2011
Although resistance to change is a main feature of autism, the brain processes underlying this aspect of the disorder remain poorly understood. The aims of this study were to examine neural basis of auditory change-detection in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD; N = 27) through electrophysiological patterns (MMN, P3a) and to test…
Descriptors: Autism, Physiology, Resistance to Change, Brain
Banaschewski, Tobias; Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine; Brandeis, Daniel; Buitelaar, Jan K.; Kuntsi, Jonna; Poustka, Luise; Sergeant, Joseph A.; Sonuga-Barke, Edmund J.; Frazier-Wood, Alexis C.; Albrecht, Bjorn; Chen, Wai; Uebel, Henrik; Schlotz, Wolff; van der Meere, Jaap J.; Gill, Michael; Manor, Iris; Miranda, Ana; Mulas, Fernando; Oades, Robert D.; Roeyers, Herbert; Rothenberger, Aribert; Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph; Faraone, Stephen V.; Asherson, Philip – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2012
Background: Emotional lability (EL) is commonly seen in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The reasons for this association remain currently unknown. To address this question, we examined the relationship between ADHD and EL symptoms, and performance on a range of neuropsychological tasks to clarify whether EL symptoms…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Siblings, Severity (of Disability), Patients
Olsavsky, Aviva K.; Brotman, Melissa A.; Rutenberg, Julia G.; Muhrer, Eli J.; Deveney, Christen M.; Fromm, Stephen J.; Towbin, Kenneth; Pine, Daniel S.; Leibenluft, Ellen – Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2012
Objective: Youth at familial risk for bipolar disorder (BD) show deficits in face emotion processing, but the neural correlates of these deficits have not been examined. This preliminary study tests the hypothesis that, relative to healthy comparison (HC) subjects, both BD subjects and youth at risk for BD (i.e., those with a first-degree BD…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Anxiety Disorders, At Risk Students, Longitudinal Studies
Cartwright, Kelly B. – Early Education and Development, 2012
Research Findings: Executive function begins to develop in infancy and involves an array of processes, such as attention, inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility, which provide the means by which individuals control their own behavior, work toward goals, and manage complex cognitive processes. Thus, executive function plays a…
Descriptors: Reading Comprehension, Early Reading, Neurology, Short Term Memory
Download full textO'Grady, Patty – Online Submission, 2011
This paper proposes a coherent and unique set of 12 standards, adopting a neuroscience framework for biologically based on school reform. This model of educational principles and practices aligns with the long-standing principles and practices of the Progressive Education Movement in the United States and the emerging principles of neuroscience.…
Descriptors: Progressive Education, Standards, Biology, Educational Change
Heyes, Cecilia – Psychological Bulletin, 2011
"Automatic imitation" is a type of stimulus-response compatibility effect in which the topographical features of task-irrelevant action stimuli facilitate similar, and interfere with dissimilar, responses. This article reviews behavioral, neurophysiological, and neuroimaging research on automatic imitation, asking in what sense it is "automatic"…
Descriptors: Evidence, Imitation, Cognitive Processes, Responses
