Two aspects of allocation of study time were examined among 48 third- and 48 fifth-grade children. Aspects examined were: (1) allocation of more time to more difficult material; and (2) allocation of sufficient time to meet a recall goal. Under a self-terminated procedure, children studied two booklets, one of which consisted of easy or highly…

The purposes of this study were to use empirical, multivariate classification techniques to form subtypes of learning disabled readers (N=59) on a select sample of information processing skills and to validate the subtypes on reading achievement subskills. Hierarchical cluster analysis techniques resulted in a six-cluster solution which…

Preschool, third grade and fifth grade children were presented with two choice-reaction time experiments in which probe stimulus quality was manipulated, to measure the effects of probe stimulus degradation at three developmental levels. Results support the hypothesis that children and adults employ similar strategies in preprocessing degraded…

This paper questions the assumption that a central processing deficit exists in the speed of performing mental operations by children as compared to adults. Two hypotheses are proposed and data are cited as evidence. (JMB)

Three experiments were conducted in an investigation of information-processing capabilities of mentally retarded adults, nonretarded children (mental age control), and nonretarded adults (chronological age control). Findings support the theory of a structural defect in mentally retarded persons that results in slow information processing.…

Tests the existence of a "U"-relationship between stimulus complexity and time estimation and suggests this relationship can be better explained by considering the personality variables of extroversion and introversion and their interaction with stimulus complexity. Results confirmed the existence of a quadratic relationship between…

A number of models are considered that specify how children and adults solve single-digit addition problems. (Authors)

This paper suggests that although there is reasonable evidence to support that portion of the Collins-Quillian theory of semantic memory which hypothesizes that words are ordered hierarchically in memory, there is little evidence in support of their hypothesis of cognitive economy of storage in memory. (Author)

Two studies on stimulus overselectivity among three and four severely retarded adolescent males suggested that overselective responding occurs within a match-to-sample paradigm; its degree is influenced by delay intervals; it may be a failure to discriminate low preference dimensions of a multiple cue stimulus within specified situations; and it…

To determine by classical time-estimation procedures if Type A persons estimate the passage of time differently than Type B persons, undergraduate male students, classified by the Jenkins Activity Survey, were asked to estimate several time periods. Responses to verbal, production, and reproduced time-estimation tasks were not significantly…

Subjects decided whether sentences as "The treaty passed" were "true" or "false," given number of votes cast for the bill and criterion that determined its status. An additive-stages model was applied to verification times from the present and prior studies, and was used to describe certain markedness and congruity…

Three separate groups of women performed a semantic classification task during the morning, afternoon, or evening. Results were directly opposite findings that short-term memory performance declines as the day progresses. It is suggested that physiological arousal, which rises through the day, may benefit retrieval efficiency from long-term…

Predictions about reaction times (RT) from Siegler's model were tested for the balance scale task with 6- to 22-year-olds. Regression analyses provided additional knowledge of the rules. Rule II was reformulated as a rule that always involves the encoding but not always the correct application of the distance rule. RTs provided evidence for use of…