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Direct linkFific, Mario; Little, Daniel R.; Nosofsky, Robert M. – Psychological Review, 2010
We formalize and provide tests of a set of logical-rule models for predicting perceptual classification response times (RTs) and choice probabilities. The models are developed by synthesizing mental-architecture, random-walk, and decision-bound approaches. According to the models, people make independent decisions about the locations of stimuli…
Descriptors: Visual Stimuli, Models, Classification, Probability
Keehn, Brandon; Brenner, Laurie A.; Ramos, Aurora I.; Lincoln, Alan J.; Marshall, Sandra P.; Muller, Ralph-Axel – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2009
The present study examined fixation frequency and duration during an Embedded Figures Test (EFT) in an effort to better understand the attentional and perceptual processes by which individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) achieve accelerated EFT performance. In particular, we aimed to elucidate differences in the patterns of eye-movement in…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Autism, Eye Movements, Pervasive Developmental Disorders
van Deursen, J. A.; Vuurman, E. F. P. M.; Smits, L. L.; Verhey, F. R. J.; Riedel, W. J. – Brain and Cognition, 2009
Background: Decreased speed of information processing is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Recent studies suggest that response speed (RS) measures are very sensitive indicators of changes in longitudinal follow-up studies. Insight into the psycho-physiological underpinnings of slowed RS can be provided by…
Descriptors: Alzheimers Disease, Mental Disorders, Patients, Reaction Time
Bonfiglioli, Claudia; Finocchiaro, Chiara; Gesierich, Benno; Rositani, Francesco; Vescovi, Massimo – Cognition, 2009
The Italian demonstrative pronouns "questo/a" ("this[subscript [mas/fem]]") and "quello/a" ("that[subscript [mas/fem]]") implicitly convey information about objects' distance with respect to the speaker. Our study investigated the referents of "questo/a" ("this[subscript [mas/fem]]") and "quello/a" ("that[subscript [mas/fem]]") by analysing their…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Form Classes (Languages), Evaluation Methods, Auditory Stimuli
Apperly, Ian A.; Warren, Frances; Andrews, Benjamin J.; Grant, Jay; Todd, Sophie – Child Development, 2011
On belief-desire reasoning tasks, children first pass tasks involving true belief before those involving false belief, and tasks involving positive desire before those involving negative desire. The current study examined belief-desire reasoning in participants old enough to pass all such tasks. Eighty-three 6- to 11-year-olds and 20 adult…
Descriptors: Theory of Mind, Developmental Continuity, Cognitive Development, Child Development
Ornstein, Tisha J.; Levin, Harvey S.; Chen, Shirley; Hanten, Gerri; Ewing-Cobbs, Linda; Dennis, Maureen; Barnes, Marcia; Max, Jeffrey E.; Logan, Gordon D.; Schachar, Russell – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2009
Background: Executive control deficits are common sequelae of childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI). The goal of the current study was to assess a specific executive control function, performance monitoring, in children following TBI. Methods: Thirty-one children with mild-moderate TBI, 18 with severe TBI, and 37 control children without TBI, of…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Head Injuries, Brain, Cognitive Processes
Uebel, Henrik; Albrecht, Bjorn; Asherson, Philip; Borger, Norbert A.; Butler, Louise; Chen, Wai; Christiansen, Hanna; Heise, Alexander; Kuntsi, Jonna; Schafer, Ulrike; Andreou, Penny; Manor, Iris; Marco, Rafaela; Miranda, Ana; Mulligan, Aisling; Oades, Robert D.; van der Meere, Jaap; Faraone, Stephen V.; Rothenberger, Aribert; Banaschewski, Tobias – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2010
Background: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common and highly heritable child psychiatric disorders. There is strong evidence that children with ADHD show slower and more variable responses in tasks such as Go/Nogo tapping aspects of executive functions like sustained attention and response control which may be…
Descriptors: Siblings, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Genetics, Cognitive Processes
Luk, Gigi; Anderson, John A. E.; Craik, Fergus I. M.; Grady, Cheryl; Bialystok, Ellen – Brain and Cognition, 2010
To examine the effects of bilingualism on cognitive control, we studied monolingual and bilingual young adults performing a flanker task with functional MRI. The trial types of primary interest for this report were incongruent and no-go trials, representing interference suppression and response inhibition, respectively. Response times were similar…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Inhibition, Young Adults, Monolingualism
Nicolson, R. I.; Fawcett, A. J.; Brookes, R. L.; Needle, J. – Dyslexia, 2010
Three major "neural systems", specialized for different types of information processing, are the sensory, declarative, and procedural systems. It has been proposed ("Trends Neurosci.",30(4), 135-141) that dyslexia may be attributable to impaired function in the procedural system together with intact declarative function. We provide a brief…
Descriptors: Dyslexia, Brain, Neurological Organization, Learning
Akcay, Caglar; Hazeltine, Eliot – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2008
The dependence of the Simon effect on the correspondence of the previous trial can be explained by the conflict-monitoring theory, which holds that a control system adjusts automatic activation from irrelevant stimulus information (conflict adaptation) on the basis of the congruency of the previous trial. The authors report on 4 experiments…
Descriptors: Conflict, Cognitive Processes, Reaction Time, Stimuli
Warker, Jill Anna – ProQuest LLC, 2009
Recent research has shown that adults can implicitly learn artificial phonotactics constraints from experience producing syllables that contain those constraints, and that this learning is reflected in their speech errors. However, second-order constraints in which the placement of a consonant depends on another characteristic of the syllable…
Descriptors: Syllables, Phonemes, Adults, Experiments
Liddle, Elizabeth B.; Scerif, Gaia; Hollis, Christopher P.; Batty, Martin J.; Groom, Madeleine J.; Liotti, Mario; Liddle, Peter F. – Cognition, 2009
The acquisition of volitional control depends, in part, on developing the ability to countermand a planned action. Many tasks have been used to tap the efficiency of this process, but few studies have investigated how it may be modulated by participants' motivation. Multiple mechanisms may be involved in the deliberate exercise of caution when…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Models, Motivation, Probability
Sarampalis, Anastasios; Kalluri, Sridhar; Edwards, Brent; Hafter, Ervin – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2009
Purpose: This work is aimed at addressing a seeming contradiction related to the use of noise-reduction (NR) algorithms in hearing aids. The problem is that although some listeners claim a subjective improvement from NR, it has not been shown to improve speech intelligibility, often even making it worse. Method: To address this, the hypothesis…
Descriptors: Assistive Technology, Acoustics, Speech, Listening
Caeyenberghs, K.; van Roon, D.; Swinnen, S. P.; Smits-Engelsman, B. C. M. – Brain and Cognition, 2009
Motor disorders are a frequent consequence of acquired brain injury (ABI) in children and much effort is currently invested in alleviating these deficits. The aim of the present study was to test motor imagery (MI) capabilities in children with ABI (n=25) and an age- and gender-matched control group (n=25). A computerized Virtual Radial Fitts Task…
Descriptors: Neurological Impairments, Brain, Injuries, Children
Vandenbossche, Jochen; Deroost, Natacha; Soetens, Eric; Kerckhofs, Eric – Brain and Cognition, 2009
We investigated the influence of the level of cognitive functioning on sequence-specific learning in Parkinson's disease (PD). This was done by examining the relationship between the scales for outcomes in Parkinson's disease-cognition [SCOPA-COG, Marinus, J., Visser, M., Verwey, N. A., Verhey, F. R. J., Middelkoop, H. A. M.,Stiggelbout, A., et…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Diseases, Neurology, Patients
