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Direct linkHughes, Claire – Infant and Child Development, 2011
This review of 20 years of developmental research on Executive Functions (EF) offers a broad-brushstroke picture that touches on multiple issues including: (i) findings from typical and atypical groups, from infancy to adolescence; (ii) advances in assessment tools and in statistical analysis; (iii) the interplay between EF and other cognitive…
Descriptors: Research, Child Development, Executive Function, Individual Differences
Worthington, Debra – International Journal of Listening, 2008
To further our understanding of listening as a cognitive process, a greater understanding of the relationship between listening and other personality and cognitive constructs is needed. To that end, this study explores the relationship between need for cognition and listening style preference. Results indicate that need for cognition is moderately…
Descriptors: Listening Skills, Cognitive Processes, Individual Differences, Cognitive Style
Simmons, Sabrina; Estes, Zachary – Cognition, 2008
Thematically related concepts like "coffee and milk" are judged to be more similar than thematically unrelated concepts like "coffee and lemonade". We investigated whether thematic relations exert a small effect that occurs consistently across participants (i.e., a generalized model), or a large effect that occurs inconsistently across…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Perception, Effect Size, Models
Dennis, Tracy A.; Buss, Kristin A.; Hastings, Paul D.; Bell, Martha Ann; Diaz, Anjolii; Adam, Emma K.; Miskovic, Vladimir; Schmidt, Louis A.; Feldman, Ruth; Katz, Lynn Fainsilber; Rigterink, Tami; Strang, Nicole M.; Hanson, Jamie L.; Pollak, Seth D.; Dahl, Ronald E.; Silk, Jennifer S.; Siegle, Greg J.; Beauchaine, Theodore P.; Cicchetti, Dante; Rogosch, Fred A.; Fox, Nathan A.; Kirwan, Michael; Reeb-Sutherland, Bethany; Gunnar, Megan R.; Obradovic, Jelena; Boyce, W. Thomas; Molenaar, Peter C. M.; Gates, Kathleen M. – Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 2012
In the past decade, there has been a dramatic growth in research examining the development of emotion from a physiological perspective. However, this widespread use of physiological measures to study emotional development coexists with relatively few guiding principles, thus reducing opportunities to move the field forward in innovative ways. The…
Descriptors: Physiology, Psychological Patterns, Emotional Development, Measurement
van Soelen, Inge L. C.; van den Berg, Stephanie M.; Dekker, Peter H.; van Leeuwen, Marieke; Peper, Jiska S.; Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E.; Boomsma, Dorret I. – Learning and Individual Differences, 2009
We explored the genetic background of individual differences in dynamic measures of verbal learning ability in children, using a Dutch version of the Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT). Nine-year-old twin pairs (N = 112 pairs) were recruited from the Netherlands Twin Register. When possible, an older sibling between 10 and 14 years old…
Descriptors: Twins, Verbal Learning, Genetics, Individual Differences
Troche, Stefan J.; Houlihan, Michael E.; Stelmack, Robert M.; Rammsayer, Thomas H. – Intelligence, 2009
Individual differences in mental ability (MA) were examined with event-related potentials (ERP). In addition to using an auditory frequency discrimination task, a duration discrimination task was used to elicit P300 and mismatch negativity (MMN) components of the ERP. Frequency and duration P300 latencies explained 9% and 10% of variance of MAB…
Descriptors: Intelligence, Cognitive Ability, Cognitive Processes, Individual Differences
Chae, Yoojin; Goodman, Gail S.; Eisen, Mitchell L.; Qin, Jianjian – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2011
This study examined event memory and suggestibility in 3- to 16-year-olds involved in forensic investigations of child maltreatment. A total of 322 children were interviewed about a play activity with an unfamiliar adult. Comprehensive measures of individual differences in trauma-related psychopathology and cognitive functioning were administered.…
Descriptors: Child Neglect, Child Abuse, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Psychopathology
Perez-Edgar, Koraly; McDermott, Jennifer N. Martin; Korelitz, Katherine; Degnan, Kathryn A.; Curby, Timothy W.; Pine, Daniel S.; Fox, Nathan A. – Developmental Psychology, 2010
The current study examined the relations between individual differences in sustained attention in infancy, the temperamental trait behavioral inhibition in childhood, and social behavior in adolescence. The authors assessed 9-month-old infants using an interrupted-stimulus attention paradigm. Behavioral inhibition was subsequently assessed in the…
Descriptors: Social Behavior, Infants, Inhibition, Adolescents
McVay, Jennifer C.; Kane, Michael J. – Psychological Bulletin, 2010
In this comment, we contrast different conceptions of mind wandering that were presented in 2 recent theoretical reviews: Smallwood and Schooler (2006) and Watkins (2008). We also introduce a new perspective on the role of executive control in mind wandering by integrating empirical evidence presented in Smallwood and Schooler with 2 theoretical…
Descriptors: Cues, Theory Practice Relationship, Cognitive Processes, Difficulty Level
Barrett, Jennifer; Fleming, Alison S. – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2011
Quality of mothering relies on the integrity of multiple physiological and behavioral systems and on two maternal factors, one proximal and one distal, that have a great impact on how a mother mothers: postpartum depression and early experiences. To mother appropriately requires the action of systems that regulate sensation, perception, affect,…
Descriptors: Mothers, Social Behavior, Systems Approach, Integrity
Bruggeman, Hugo; Piuneu, Vadzim S.; Rieser, John J.; Pick, Herbert L., Jr. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2009
When turning without vision or audition, people tend to perceive their locomotion as a change in heading relative to objects in the remembered surroundings. Such perception of self-rotation depends on sensitivity to information for movement from biomechanical activity of the locomotor system or from inertial activation of the vestibular and…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Psychomotor Skills, Cognitive Processes, Biomechanics
Hecht, Steven A.; Vagi, Kevin J. – Journal of Educational Psychology, 2010
Results from a 2-year longitudinal study of 181 children from 4th through 5th grade are reported. Levels of growth in children's computation, word problem, and estimation skills by means of common fractions were predicted by working memory, attentive classroom behavior, conceptual knowledge about fractions, and simple arithmetic fluency.…
Descriptors: Student Behavior, Short Term Memory, Grade 4, Grade 5
Tang, C. Y.; Eaves, E. L.; Ng, J. C.; Carpenter, D. M.; Mai, X.; Schroeder, D. H.; Condon, C. A.; Colom, R.; Haier, R. J. – Intelligence, 2010
Neuro-imaging studies of intelligence implicate the importance of a parietal-frontal network. One unresolved issue is whether this network underlies a general factor of intelligence ("g") or other specific cognitive factors. A second unresolved issue is whether males and females use different parts of this network. Here we obtained intelligence…
Descriptors: Intelligence, Females, Integrity, Young Adults
Austin, Katherine A. – Computers & Education, 2009
In the wake of the information explosion and rapidly progressing technology [Mayer, R. E. (2001). "Multimedia learning". Cambridge: University Press] formulated a theory that focused on human cognition, rather than technology capacity and features. By measuring the effect of cognitive individual differences and display design manipulations on…
Descriptors: Multimedia Materials, Learning Modules, Transfer of Training, Cognitive Processes
Waiter, Gordon D.; Deary, Ian J.; Staff, Roger T.; Murray, Alison D.; Fox, Helen C.; Starr, John M.; Whalley, Lawrence J. – Intelligence, 2009
To explore the possible neural foundations of individual differences in intelligence test scores, we examined the associations between Raven's Matrices scores and two tasks that were administered in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) setting. The two tasks were an n-back working memory (N = 37) task and inspection time (N = 47). The…
Descriptors: Intelligence, Intelligence Tests, Diagnostic Tests, Short Term Memory
