Subjects either punished incorrect or rewarded correct responses made by a confederate on a learning task. In three experiments subjects were, interrupted midway through the learning trials. Half were individuated and half were deindividuated; they were provided a "hot-line" to summon the experimenter. Found no reliable methods for inhibiting…

Investigates the proficiency level of adult readers on the "when" and "where" aspects of storing and retrieving information to successfully complete a task. (HOD)

Human performance on verbal and spatial matching tasks was assessed every 15 minutes for eight hours. Significant 90- to 100-minute oscillations were observed for each task. It was also found that increases in performance on one task are accompanied by decreases on the other. (HM)

Focuses on lawyer-nonlawyer patterns of response to incongruity and suggests that communicators be aware of the necessity for adopting different message strategies for lawyer and nonlawyer recipients. (MH)

The effects of a rapid change in media environment are examined through the introduction of a multichannel cable television system in Israel. Findings highlight changes on the behavioral, cognitive, and affective dimensions. Changes occurred in reallocation of leisure time, social characteristics of viewing, viewing patterns, and content…

A study examined the cognitive and behavioral profiles in 10 individuals (ages 14-51) with Smith-Magenis syndrome. Results found the individuals showed significant relative weaknesses in sequential processing and strengths in naming a partially completed drawing, identifying things, and in reading/decoding. Behavioral findings indicated…

Conducted a meta-analysis of 74 studies in which there had been an intervention that aimed to improve the behavioral, cognitive, or social functioning of people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or attention deficit disorder. Overall, there were larger effects of the various interventions on behavioral than on educational outcomes.…

College students (N=375) listened to taped segments of a counseling interview concerning a spouse's drinking problem with tapes varying client's age, gender, and cognitive behaviors. Found no main or interaction effects of age on subjects' ratings of client behaviors; female clients were perceived as having better memory and greater alertness than…

Investigates the self-perception theory account of the foot-in-the-door (FITD) phenomenon, a sequential-request technique using a small first request followed by a larger, target request. Finds that a self-inference explanation is viable, but that a strict self-perception account fails because neither request size nor execution correspond to…

Presents a seven-step model that describes a cognitive and behavioral loop that may explain actions of some impulsive and out-of-control youngsters. Suggests some intervention strategies that take the cognitive loop into account and help the student work toward personal control. (SLD)

Reports the results of part one of a multi-faceted research project investigating children's information-seeking behavior in using World Wide Web search engines, with reference to Yahooligans. Examines search processes, patterns of exploration of returned results, success in finding/retrieving relevant information, persistence in finding…

The Stroop effect is psychology's classic measure gauging the selectivity of attention to individual attributes of complex stimuli. The emotional Stroop effect gauges the influence on behavior of threat and emotional stimuli. The former taps central/executive processes abstracted from particular stimulus contexts, whereas the latter taps automatic…

This investigation addresses problems of defining verbal imitation, and suggests solutions by analyzing verbal interactions between two children and their mothers. Children were between 18 and 35 months old, with a mean length of utterance between 1.4 and 4.2 morphemes. Analyses focus upon the uses these children made of maternal models; 10…

Literature from organizational and social psychology has suggested that three types of factors influence performance, i.e., cognitive, affective and behavioral. A model was developed to test a set of propositions concerning the relationship between the three kinds of factors, and included attributions, expectancies, general emotional responses to…

Competence in action perception seems to be achieved very early in life. Because research has indicated that competent perceivers of action must be able to discriminate breakpoints in behavior, then recognition memory for breakpoints should be superior to that for nonbreakpoints at all ages where competence in action perception exists. Two studies…