The author partially describes a few of the immanent qualities of dreaming imagery and metaphor. The concept of the ineluctable modality is introduced to illustrate the spontaneous synthesizing of cognitive and noncognitive elements. A short dream excerpt is shared to clarify the pervasive contrapuntallike depth of dreaming imagery. (Author/SJL)

Reality monitoring concerns the ability to distinguish knowledge that an individual has produced internally (through reasoning, imagination, etc.) from knowledge that was obtained through experience (or "externally"). A model of reality monitoring is proposed and discussed. (JKS)

A choice reaction time experiment was performed in order to assess the information processing characteristics of 12-year-old reading-disabled children. (Author/MP)

It is argued that the dialectical model of memory development seems more promising than behavoristic, information processing and contextual models. (MS)

Subjects memorized subject-verb-object propositions and then judged whether verb-object probes appeared in the same proposition. Reaction times and error rates were observed. Data indicate that activation spreads from probe concepts in parallel through the propositional network. A guessing model for errors was constructed. (CHK)

Priming is a nonconscious form of human memory. Presents evidence and reasoning that priming and perceptual identification are expressions of a single perceptual representation system. (YP)

Attempted to better delineate nature of simple reminiscence (recall of past experiences). Used constant comparative method to analyze transcripts of older adults' reminiscences and found that the process consists of four elements: selection, immersion, withdrawal, and closure. (Author/NB)

Responses to questions on 1984 Supplement on Aging to National Health Interview Survey revealed that two-thirds of interviewees reported never having episode of confusion during preceding year. For those who admitted occasional confusion, memory loss and forgetfulness emerged as single best predictors of how often respondent reported getting…

Reviews some limiting properties of the process-dissociation model as it applies to the study of dual-process conceptions of memory. A second-generation model (conjoint recognition) is proposed to address these limitations and supply additional capabilities. Worked applications to data are provided. (Author/GCP)

Tests and confirms two hypotheses about the representation of knowledge in memory: that a person's mental representation of a newly learned body of knowledge has two parts (the information presented, and a product of the person's thinking about it); and that a body of knowledge learned from experience is organized into distinct…

Explores the nature and consequences of developmental change in speed of information processing. Summarizes evidence indicating that age differences in processing speed reflect a global mechanism that limits processing speed on most tasks. Describes evidence that suggests a role for processing speed on the development of intelligence. (Author/MKA)

The term "source monitoring" refers to the ability to distinguish the origin of memories. Comparison of source monitoring with 15 autistic, 15 mildly mentally retarded, and 15 non-disabled children found no differences among groups in the ability to identify which words the child had said and which words another person had said. (Author/DB)

The cues that reactivate forgotten memories of young infants are highly specific. Three experiments examined whether this specificity decreases over repeated reactivations. Results confirm that different memory attributes become inaccessible at different rates and that repeatedly retrieved and older memories are less likely to be less detailed.…

Three experiments indexed the effect of various concurrent tasks, while watching a traumatic film, on intrusive memory development. Hypotheses were based on the dual-representation theory of posttraumatic stress disorder (C. R. Brewin, T. Dalgleish, & S. Joseph, 1996). Nonclinical participants viewed a trauma film under various encoding conditions…

Much research has indicated that aging is accompanied by decrements in memory performance across a wide variety of tasks and situations. A dominant perspective is that these age differences reflect normative changes in the integrity and efficiency of the information-processing system. Contextual perspectives of development, however, argue for…