To investigate organizational strategies of educable mentally retarded (EMR) and normal boys, the performance of 30 normal boys (mean IQ 105.1) and 30 EMR boys (mean IQ 69.9), ages 7-12 years, was compared on various free recall learning tasks. Three measures of input organization employed were category clustering, associative clustering, and…

The first of thirteen units suggested for an environmental education curriculum is presented in this teacher's guide. The collection of units for grades K-12 was written in response to a mandate from the Minnesota State Legislature through a bill making provisions for developing and implementing a state-wide environmental education program. The…

The review summarizes empirical findings and theoretical views related to the Stroop color-word phenomenon, in which naming of a color is disrupted and delayed by the presence of an "irrelevant" word denoting a color different from the color patch. It was deemed important to increase awareness of this phenomenon, since it involves basic…

Presents a method which draws upon students' imagination, creativity, and associative abilities and engages them in the language learning process. (Author/AM)

Children show less evidence of nominal realism (treating the name and its object as the same) after participating in an arbitrary naming task, but older children do not show as much development away from nominal realism as Piaget postulated. (RL)

The cognitive movement emphasizes perception and memory and deemphasizes learning, retention, and transfer (as in traditional associationism). A general reconceptualization of learning and retention makes these concepts subordinate to the concept of transfer and emphasizes prior knowledge, skills, and attitudes. A general information processing…

Describes two studies in which young children were shown pictures that represented sound with postures and contexts, with conventions, and with combinations of information. Shows that the different types of pictorial representation of sound were not equivalent in their ability to evoke a correct interpretation. (HOD)

The keyword method was compared to the context method of learning new vocabulary in two experiments with undergraduate subjects. In both experiments the keyword method produced significantly greater definition recall. Implications for vocabulary learning theories in particular, and discovery learning approaches in general, are discussed.…

Both acquisition and retention were better when the hierarchy was learned graphically rather than as a list of associations, although the effect was greater on acquisition than on retention. (Authors)

Purpose of this study was to examine the correspondence between digraph analysis of content structure and word associations. (Author)