Using the Luck and Vogel change detection paradigm, we sought to investigate the capacity of visual working memory in 5-, 7-, and 10-year-olds. We found that performance on the task improved significantly with age and also obtained evidence that the capacity of visual working memory approximately doubles between 5 and 10 years of age, where it…

To gain a greater understanding about how people comprehend a set of directions, a macro-level research approach is needed. Researchers must first decide on the domain of activity that is to be investigated. In our society instructions are used for building things from parts, disassembling things, determining the functional characteristics of…

A Bayesian statistical procedure separating storage from retrieval was used to study development and release of proactive interference in the Brown-Peterson paradigm. A theory of PI is developed stressing response competition at test time and interference in transfer between short- and long-term memory. (CHK)

This paper provides an overview of the cognitive process analysis of tasks used to measure aptitude and intelligence. As an illustration of this approach, performance on inductive reasoning tasks such as series extrapolation and analogy problems is considered in terms of the factors that contribute to item difficulty and individual differences in…

The present study attempted to identify and describe individual differences in concept learning. It was hypothesized that if a significant portion of the reliable individual variation in a complex learning situation could be identified and described, it would be reasonable to expect that subsequent predictions could be made about the conditions…

The contrasting approaches of differential psychology and cognitive psychology to the same individual differences data are outlined. Using data from the Clark and Chase sentence-picture verification task, four loci of conflict between these two disciplines are identified: (1) theory versus measurement; (2) meaningfulness versus reliability; (3)…

The study investigated the cognitive processes underlying differences in computer competency between 29 intellectually gifted and 14 nongifted children. Findings are analyzed. (Author/MT)

The impact of prior learning on new learning is highlighted by the case of Dean, a Year 8 student who developed his own method to find the sum of the interior angles of a polygon without knowing why his method worked. Enriched transcripts and visual displays of the cognitive, social (Dreyfus, Hershkowitz, & Schwarz, 2001) and affective elements…

Applies a previously described theory of comprehension to a specific lesson, showing how 10 defined skills can be taught through reading a single selection. (MD)

Critiques Aptitude-Treatment Interactions (ATI) as a major theoretical foundation for individualized instruction and argues that Content-Treatment Analysis (CTI), which assumes that no one learning treatment is appropriate for all subject content, is more appropriate. It is concluded that CTI should be given a greater role in instructional…

The holistic-discriminability model of object-space perception recognizes various classes of stimuli having different task requirements, with few assumptions. The alternative analytic model, contrary to Dykes and Cooper, is inadequate; it involves many assumptions, predicts only a limited set of data and makes some incorrect predictions.…

A cross-modal priming task was used to investigate the role that a word's imageability and its form class play on the time-course with which word meanings are activated. Presents visual target words for lexical decision at different points through the duration of spoken primes. (Author/VWL)

A "hippocampal amnesiac" (H.M.) and memory-normal controls of similar age, background, intelligence, and education read novel sentences aloud in tasks where fast and accurate reading was or was not the primary goal. H.M produced more misreadings than normal and cerebellar controls, usually without self-correction. Results support a theoretical…

Used event-related dense-sensor EEG recording techniques to examine the time course of language switching during a visually-cued naming task in which bilingual participants named digits in either their first or second language. Switch-related modulation of ERP components was evident over parietal and frontal cortices, and in the latter case showed…