The purpose of this study was to compare listener processing demands when decoding alaryngeal compared to laryngeal speech. Fifty-six listeners were presented with single words produced by 1 proficient speaker from 5 different modes of speech: normal, tracheosophageal (TE), esophageal (ES), electrolaryngeal (EL), and synthetic speech (SS).…

These proceedings contain the papers of the International Conference on Mobile Learning 2013, which was organised by the International Association for Development of the Information Society, in Lisbon, Portugal, March 14-16, 2013. The Mobile Learning 2013 International Conference seeks to provide a forum for the presentation and discussion of…

Race and socioeconomic status (SES) moderated the link between children's sleep and cognitive functioning. One hundred and sixty-six 8- to 9-year-old African and European American children varying in SES participated. Sleep measures were actigraphy, sleep diaries, and self-report; cognitive measures were from the Woodcock-Johnson III and reaction…

This study investigated how people reason about simple mechanical devices and physical systems, and how reasoning methods and understanding of a device evolve over a period of exposure. Twelve students attending the Teachers College at Columbia University (New York) participated in the first of two experiments; and 10 students attending the same…

The processing of mental structures in perception appears to be serial, in that viewers can fill in missing parts from an impoverished stimulus following a top down process. To investigate the effects of unfamiliarity, complexity, and legibility on object and layout perception of unfamiliar stimuli, ten subjects were shown one of four ribbon…

The traditional explanation for dual-task interference is that tasks compete for scarce processing resources. Another possible explanation is that the outcome of the processing required for one task conflicts with the processing required for the other task. To explore the contribution of outcome conflict to task interference, this paper describes…

The widespread incidence of depression has promoted many theories about what variables are involved in this disorder. Beck has theorized that a depressive's negative affect results from a schema of negative views toward oneself. Gotlib and McCann have concluded that depressives have greater accessibility than nondepressives to negative content…

Sequential relationships between Stroop color-word stimuli were explored in a random discrete-trials manual response design. Posttrial availability of an interfering response was indicated by a subsequent reduction of reaction time when that response became appropriate. Previous evidence for suppression of competing responses is probably…

Investigates extent to which perceptual factors of speed and flexibility of closure represent more general processes also operating in cognitive and personality domains by including in a single factor analysis perceptual tests and new tests requiring cognitive abilities resembling closure abilities operating in the perceptual domain. (RC)

This examination of retrieval interference in memory theories argues that relevant world knowledge can reduce interference by integrating factors learned about a concept. Three recognition experiments were conducted and two hypotheses were considered to account for the results: human associative memory and script analysis. (Author/RD)

In two experiments, subjects were interrupted while listening to a two-clause sentence just before the last word of either the initial clause or the final clause. The two experiments together suggest that interclause semantic relations affect the immediate processing of clauses. (Author/EJS)

Comprehensibility ratings and sentence-by-sentence reading times of three-sentence narratives (triples) were studied as a function of the coherence of a triple. In both experiments, reading times did not differ for first sentences, but were longer for third sentences of unrelated than for related triples. (Author/RM)

An experiment was conducted to determine whether the deep structure or the surface structure clause is more important as a speech planning unit, and whether syntactic decisions are made during sentence production. Results were discussed in relation to previous studies of pausing and speech disruption. (Author/CTM)

The physical identity reaction time task used in this study was designed to further test the effect of processing mode uncertainty on visual field asymmetries that Swanson et al. (1974) reported, and to determine the effects of location uncertainty in a cognitive task. (Author/KC)

The assumption that subjects compare symbolic stimulus magnitudes with respect to a reference point was examined. Results indicate that subjects can strategically vary the process for comparing stimuli to a reference point and can perform various types of analog arithmetic using the linear number scale or a nonlinear scale of subjective digit…