Paper discusses in some detail the design of a problem-solving monitor and includes an annotated student protocol and the corresponding problem-solving graph. (Author)

THE EFFECT OF ANXIETY ON COGNITIVE PROCESS HAS BEEN AN AREA OF EXTENSIVE RESEARCH. CONSIDERABLE EVIDENCE HAS INDICATED THAT HIGH ANXIOUS SUBJECTS ARE INFERIOR TO LOW ANXIOUS SUBJECTS ON COMPLEX COGNITIVE TASKS. ANOTHER FACTOR WHICH MAY INFLUENCE THE EFFECTS OF ANXIETY IS THE CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH A TASK IS PRESENTED. RECENT RESEARCH HAS SUGGESTED…

Portions of this paper were presented at the meetings of the Society for Research in Child Development, Santa Monica, California, March 1969. (MH)

Reflective subjects generated characteristically different and more efficient hypothesis-testing strategies than impulsive subjects. (Author)

This analysis of solutions to the Tower of Hanoi Problem underscores the importance of subject-by-subject analysis of "What is learned" in understanding human behavior in problem-solving situations, and provides a technique for describing subjects' task performance programs in detail. (Author/BJG)

A sample of 86 college students aged 18 to 35 years of age were asked to solve three formal operations tasks and to participate in a problem-finding task. No relation was found between performance on problem-finding and the formal operations task. (JMB)

Combinatorial and implicative operations were studied with tasks which eliminated many complexities found in Piagetian tasks, but which did not alter the logical strategies required by Piaget's task. Task difficulty in relation to information-processing demands of tasks and processing capacities of subjects at three age levels (8.0-10.1 and…

CURRENT MODELS OF DECISION-MAKING AND RELATED RESEARCH IN CONNECTION WITH CERTAIN DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS OF ADOLESCENTS WERE REVIEWED. THE DECISION ELEMENTS RECEIVING THEORETICAL ATTENTION WERE (1) DECISION-PROCESS PHASES, (2) DECISION-OUTCOME PROBABILITIES AND STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS, (3) DECISION-PLAN DIMENSIONS, (4) DECISION STRATEGIES, AND (5)…

In a 1964 investigation of the effects of age and memory on problem solving, using subjects from age three to age nineteen, it was found that the youngest and oldest subjects performed a three-choice probabilistic task significantly different from the "middle-age" children (7 to 9 years old). The three-choice task was an apparatus with a…

Forty fifth and sixth graders, matched on sex and measures of test anxiety, defensiveness, and IQ, were divided into two groups, each of which solved Porteus maze tasks and a marble puzzle, with and without memory support, respectively. An anxiety-by-memory support interaction occurred in the number of errors made prior to solving the marble…

Planning the menu for a dinner party, which involves problem-solving with a large body of knowledge, is used to study the daily operation of human memory. Verbal protocol analysis, a technique devised to investigate formal problem-solving, is examined theoretically and adapted for analysis of this task. (Author/MV)

The water jug task model was extended to four variations of the Missionaries--Cannibals river-crossing problem. Different cover stories resulted in large differences in number of illegal moves, but no difference in number of legal moves to solution. The three-stage process model explains both legal and illegal moves. (Author/GDC)

It may be concluded that reflective and fast-accurate Ss differ from impulsive Ss of the same grade in the strategies used to solve problems. These strategy differences may or may not lead to more efficient performance, depending on the structure of the task, but they are indicative of different levels of cognitive development. (Author)