In this research subjects are asked to justify three common erroneous solutions and the correct solution, all of which purport to be the "correct solution". It was predicted that the subjects would give reasons supporting any given solution, and indicate a high degree of confidence in the correctness of their justifications. (Author/RK)

Suggests that there exists a "finite" number of elementary concepts and distinguishable modes of thinking, that all human beings tend to acquire the same set of elements of thinking and the same strategies with which to understand and control their physical environment, and that the method of analysis used here is a standard scientific method.…

This research examines separately the cognitive and pharmacological effects of alcohol by manipulating subjects' expectancies. It was found that although alcohol is a pharmacologic sedative and reduces anxiety, the cognition that one is drinking alcohol increases anxiety. (Editor/RK)

Three postulates are proposed concerning the manner in which persons infer the validity of propositions that do not necessarily follow logically from the information available. Implications of the proposed postulates for existing formulations of social inference and cognitive organization are discussed. (Editor/RK)

Considers the hypothesis that thought results in the "reinterpretation" of inconsistent beliefs so as to make them more consistent with the initial attitude direction. The resulting cognitions, being more univocal would, in turn, produce attitude polarization. (Author/RK)

Investigates several hypothesized relationships between Kohlberg's three levels of moral judgment and personality processes measured by selected scales of the MMPI. (Author/RK)

Recent research has suggested that outcome feedback is not the optimal form of feedback for learning complex interference tasks. The present experiment was designed to test the effects of outcome feedback against cognitively oriented feedback in a number of linear tasks. (Editor)

The objective assessment of thought disorder in schizophrenia is problematic in clinical psychology. Recently, an individually administered instrument (WIST) was introduced as a brief, objective, and quantitative measure of schizophrenic thought processes. Possible shortcomings of the WIST are noted; experimental findings that concern extension to…

Tested the hypothesis that cognitively complex judges will be more attracted to similar others than to dissimilar others, while cognitively simple judges will not be differentially attracted to similar and dissimilar others. (Author/RK)

In the context of the well-known fact that the higher stages of Kohlberg's sequence are less well-established than the lower, an exploratory investigation was carried out in a New Zealand teachers' college into the development of principled thinking in young adults and its association with various real-life experiences. (Editor)

This study examines the claim that cognitive preferences in science are no more than expressions of levels of cognitive operation as described by Bloom's Taxonomy. 667 twelfth grade students of chemistry and 989 twelfth grade biology students took a cognitive preference and an achievement test in their respective disciplines. The limitations of…

If a motive for cognitive consistency and the extravert's preference for the arousing and novel are opposing tendencies, one would predict that highly extraverted individuals will show less preference for states of cognitive consistency than those who are less extraverted. Two experiments test this prediction. (Author/RK)

Describes a study with undergraduate students that examined whether the appearance of graphics and other visuals in a television newscast would result in lower recall of audio content, whether such visuals would promote comprehension of each story as a whole, and whether subjects would prefer stories with visuals. (24 references) (LRW)

High and low level questions as determined by a panel of evaluators were combined with corrective feedback and attribute isolation feedback to form four versions of a computer-based science lesson. The sample consisted of 154 high school chemistry students in a suburban high school. The primary hypothesis was that students who received high level…