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Decreased Associative Processing and Memory Confidence in Aphantasia
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Wittmann, Bianca C.; Satirer, Yilmaz – Learning & Memory, 2022
Visual imagery and mental reconstruction of scenes are considered core components of episodic memory retrieval. Individuals with absent visual imagery (aphantasia) score lower on tests of autobiographical memory, suggesting that aphantasia may be associated with differences in episodic and associative processing. In this online study, we tested…
Descriptors: Associative Learning, Cognitive Processes, Memory, Visualization
Variation in Attention at Encoding: Insights from Pupillometry and Eye Gaze Fixations
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Miller, Ashley L.; Unsworth, Nash – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
In 2 experiments, eye-tracking was used to examine individual differences in attention during encoding and their relation to associative learning. Pupillary responses were used as an indicator of the amount of attention devoted to items, whereas eye fixations provided a means of assessing attentional focus among items within each to-be-remembered…
Descriptors: Eye Movements, Memory, Task Analysis, Recall (Psychology)
Attentional Control and Asymmetric Associative Priming
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Hutchison, Keith A.; Heap, Shelly J.; Neely, James H.; Thomas, Matthew A. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2014
Participants completed a battery of 3 attentional control (AC) tasks (OSPAN, antisaccade, and Stroop, as in Hutchison, 2007) and performed a lexical decision task with symmetrically associated (e.g., "sister-brother") and asymmetrically related primes and targets presented in both the forward (e.g., "atom-bomb") and backward…
Descriptors: Attention Control, Priming, Experimental Psychology, Associative Learning
Placebo Sleep Affects Cognitive Functioning
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Draganich, Christina; Erdal, Kristi – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2014
The placebo effect is any outcome that is not attributed to a specific treatment but rather to an individual's mindset (Benson & Friedman, 1996). This phenomenon can extend beyond its typical use in pharmaceutical drugs to involve aspects of everyday life, such as the effect of sleep on cognitive functioning. In 2 studies examining whether…
Descriptors: Experimental Psychology, Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Ability, Sleep
Alterations in Functional Connectivity for Language in Prematurely Born Adolescents
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Schafer, Robin J.; Lacadie, Cheryl; Vohr, Betty; Kesler, Shelli R.; Katz, Karol H.; Schneider, Karen C.; Pugh, Kenneth R.; Makuch, Robert W.; Reiss, Allan L.; Constable, R. Todd; Ment, Laura R. – Brain, 2009
Recent data suggest recovery of language systems but persistent structural abnormalities in the prematurely born. We tested the hypothesis that subjects who were born prematurely develop alternative networks for processing language. Subjects who were born prematurely (n = 22; 600-1250 g birth weight), without neonatal brain injury on neonatal…
Descriptors: Control Groups, Intelligence, Body Weight, Reaction Time
Learning of Three-Term Contingencies Correlates with Raven Scores, but Not with Measures of Cognitive Processing
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Williams, Ben A.; Pearlberg, Stephen L. – Intelligence, 2006
College undergraduates learned word lists involving three-term contingencies (stimulus-response-outcome). Learning rate was correlated approximately 0.5 with scores on Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices (Raven) but did not correlate significantly with several tasks (inspection time, card-sorting, trail-making, PASAT) shown to be associated with…
Descriptors: Undergraduate Students, Word Lists, Learning, Correlation