In line with the widespread proliferation of digital technology in everyday life, many countries are now beginning to use computer-based exams (CBEs) in their post-primary education systems. To ensure that these CBEs are delivered in a manner that preserves their fairness, validity, utility and credibility, several factors pertaining to their…

Over the last three decades, there has been increased attention on the collection and interpretation of "response processing data" to inform claims of learners' knowledge and skills (e.g., see Ercikan et al., 2010; Kobrin & Young, 2003; see also, Leighton, 2004). Response processing data are perhaps most consequential in the…

Relations between epistemic perspective and online epistemic processing of evidence when reading a text were examined. Thirty-seven young adolescents and 24 graduate university students were asked to read and think aloud with two texts, one in the history domain and the other in the science domain. Participants also completed a prior-knowledge…