Student teachers are invaluable educational assets, especially in digital transformation. The online collaborative reflection ability (OCRA) is crucial for their teaching careers and has always been challenging. There is a pressing need for new collaborative learning strategies to enhance student teachers' OCRA and improve the quality of future…

Grouping students according to their abilities and promoting deeper interaction and moderation are key issues in improving computational thinking in collaborative programming. However, the distribution characteristics and evolving pathways of computational thinking in different groups have not been deeply explored. During the course of a…

Multitasking abilities are vital for conducting flight missions. Traditional theories of multitasking suggest that cognitive resources represent a determining factor of said performance. The current study takes a different approach by investigating how the stability-flexibility-dilemma of cognitive control influences multitasking performance in a…

Cognitive presence is essential for deep and meaningful learning, yet developing it poses challenges. Theoretically, peer-led teaching presence can enhance cognitive presence, but research on this facilitation is limited. This study used behavioural sequence analysis to investigate how peer-led teaching presence promotes cognitive presence…

Previous studies have insufficiently explored the influence of task and interpersonal interdependence on synchronous cooperation behavior. To address this gap, this study utilized fNIRS hyperscanning technique to investigate the behavioral and neural mechanisms within both friend and stranger dyads engaging in various levels of interdependent…

Collaborative problem-solving (CPS) learning is increasingly valued for its role in promoting higher-order thinking of learners. Despite the widespread application of role scripts in CPS, little is known about the mechanisms by which roles influence learners' cognition and the impact of goal orientation on roles. In this study, we designed role…

This study investigates the effects of metacognitive and cognitive strategies for computational thinking (CT) on managing cognitive load and enhancing problem-solving skills in collaborative programming. Four different scaffolding conditions were provided to help learners optimize cognitive load and improve their problem-solving abilities. A total…

Students' social experience in fully online learning is critical to academic success. However, little is known about students' experience in online asynchronous education, particularly regarding social presence, knowledge building, and collaborative learning. In a constructivist grounded theory study, 22 graduate students enrolled in library and…

Inquiry-based learning (IBL) represents a dynamic pedagogical approach in science education, driven by a foundation of deep theoretical constructs. This paper meticulously examines the cornerstone theoretical underpinnings of IBL, centering on constructivism, situated cognition, and cognitive load theories. Constructivism, epitomized by Piaget's…

Collaborative engagement is a quality that contributes successful learning by examining social interactions among students. In natural contexts, online collaborative learning is an evolving process that is subject to fluctuation in how students engage in social interactions. However, few studies have explored the interplay and intertwining of…

Learning engagement has gained increasing attention in the field of education. Previous studies have adopted conventional methods to analyze learning engagement, but these methods cannot provide timely feedback for learners. This study analyzed automated group learning engagement via deep neural network models in a computer-supported collaborative…

Small human complex systems, here called co-present groups, are found across all fields of human social life. Complexity thinking suggests why this is so: that these groups, irrespective of formal content, have a meta-function of providing maximum complexity to manage the "indeterminacy" or "uncertainty" that characterises the…

The goal of this paper is to share an analytic framework for understanding Students? Ways of Thinking (SWoT) in STEM-rich learning environments. Before revealing our refined coding framework, we detail the nature of our collaborations and the various analytic decisions that led to its formation. These collaborations supported our collective…

Collaboration scripts are widely employed in online collaborative learning to enhance student engagement and facilitate collaboration. However, the optimal level of scripting remains a subject of debate. This study aims to address this issue by designing and developing different types of collaborative scripts implemented through conversational…

In this study, a collaborative problem solving-based STEM course was implemented in a seventh-grade class. This study aimed to examine the effects of students' prior knowledge on their CPS-based STEM learning processes by using a mixed-methods approach. First, a lag sequential analysis was used to investigate individual cognitive and metacognitive…