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Declan Devlin; Korbinian Moeller; Iro Xenidou-Dervou; Bert Reynvoet; Francesco Sella – Cognitive Science, 2024
In order processing, consecutive sequences (e.g., 1-2-3) are generally processed faster than nonconsecutive sequences (e.g., 1-3-5) (also referred to as the reverse distance effect). A common explanation for this effect is that order processing operates via a memory-based associative mechanism whereby consecutive sequences are processed faster…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Comparative Analysis, Decision Making, Memory
Afzali, M. Usman; Jones, Richard D.; Seren-Grace, Alex P.; Palmer, Robin W.; Makarious, Dena; Rodrigues, Mariana N. B.; Neumann, Ewald – Applied Cognitive Psychology, 2023
Research on the accuracy of Brain Fingerprinting (BFP) has produced mixed outcomes: some report 99.9% and others report lower. Furthermore, no studies have measured the susceptibility of BFP to countermeasures. In Experiment-1, we report the accurate classification of 15 of the 16 subjects, tested on their own real-life autobiographical incidents;…
Descriptors: Classification, Accuracy, Diagnostic Tests, Brain Hemisphere Functions
Yuang Wei; Bo Jiang – IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies, 2024
Understanding student cognitive states is essential for assessing human learning. The deep neural networks (DNN)-inspired cognitive state prediction method improved prediction performance significantly; however, the lack of explainability with DNNs and the unitary scoring approach fail to reveal the factors influencing human learning. Identifying…
Descriptors: Cognitive Mapping, Models, Prediction, Short Term Memory
Scherer, Demian; Verkühlen, Annika; Dutke, Stephan – Instructional Science: An International Journal of the Learning Sciences, 2023
Research suggests that explanatory pictures support learning, whereas pictures that distract processing resources from the main ideas of a text may impair learning and are considered as seductive illustrations. However, non-explanatory pictures that are related to the text and that do not tempt readers to focus illustrations more than the text's…
Descriptors: Metacognition, Pictorial Stimuli, Illustrations, Learning Processes
Kolinsky, Régine; Tossonian, Méghane – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2023
The aim of the present study was to examine the hypothesis that, compared to typically reading children matched on regular word reading, adults with basic literacy (either adult literacy students or adult basic education students) struggle on phonologically demanding tasks but are relatively performant on orthographic demanding tasks, and hence…
Descriptors: Phonology, Orthographic Symbols, Cognitive Processes, Literacy Education
Eckert, Michael J.; Iyer, Kartik; Euston, David R.; Tatsuno, Masami – Learning & Memory, 2021
Neocortical sleep spindles have been shown to occur more frequently following a memory task, suggesting that a method to increase spindle activity could improve memory processing. Stimulation of the neocortex can elicit a slow oscillation (SO) and a spindle, but the feasibility of this method to boost SO and spindles over time has not been tested.…
Descriptors: Sleep, Memory, Cognitive Processes, Brain Hemisphere Functions
Orientation Effects Support Specialist Processing of Upright Unfamiliar Faces in Children and Adults
Ewing, Louise; Mares, Inês; Edwards, S. Gareth; Smith, Marie L. – Developmental Psychology, 2023
It is considerably harder to generalize identity across different pictures of unfamiliar faces, compared with familiar faces. This finding hints strongly at qualitatively distinct processing of unfamiliar face stimuli--for which we have less expertise. Yet, the extent to which face selective versus generic visual processes drive outcomes during…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Human Body, Accuracy, Task Analysis
O'Donnell, Ryan E.; Wyble, Brad – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
Working memory allows us to hold specific pieces of information in an active and easily retrieved state, but what happens to that information during an unexpected interruption between study and test? To answer this question, we used a surprise trial paradigm in which an unexpected event precedes a probe of the observer's memory for a search…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Comparative Analysis, Alphabets, Reading Processes
Murphy, Charlotte; Dehmelt, Vera; Yonelinas, Andrew P.; Ranganath, Charan; Gruber, Matthias J. – Learning & Memory, 2021
Curiosity states benefit memory for target information, but also incidental information presented during curiosity states. However, it is not known whether incidental curiosity-enhanced memory depends on when incidental information during curiosity states is encountered. Here, participants incidentally encoded unrelated face images at different…
Descriptors: Memory, Cognitive Processes, Incidental Learning, Learning Motivation
Zhang, Mengting; Hupbach, Almut – Learning & Memory, 2020
In a 2014 issue of "Learning & Memory," Reagh and Yassa proposed that repeated encoding leads to semanticization and loss of perceptual detail in memory. We presented object images one or three times and tested recognition of targets and corresponding similar lures. Correct lure rejections after one in comparison to three exposures…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Semantics, Memory, Recognition (Psychology)
Georgios P. Georgiou; Aretousa Giannakou – Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 2024
Although extensive research has focused on the perceptual abilities of second language (L2) learners, a significant gap persists in understanding how cognitive functions like phonological short-term memory (PSTM) and nonverbal intelligence (IQ) impact L2 speech perception. This study sets out to investigate the discrimination of L2 English…
Descriptors: Nonverbal Ability, Second Language Learning, Short Term Memory, Accuracy
Ben Izhak, Shachar; Lavidor, Michal – Journal of Cognition and Development, 2023
The field of cognitive training (CT) has been researched for over a century. However, there is still a debate regarding its ability to produce cognitive improvement, especially in working memory (WM) indices. This meta-analysis examined whether there is an advantage in training gains by comparing the results of two specific WM training approaches,…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Meta Analysis, Learning Strategies, Cognitive Processes
Choinski, Mateusz; Szelag, Elzbieta; Wolak, Tomasz; Szymaszek, Aneta – International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 2023
Background: Aphasia is often accompanied by impairment of non-language cognitive functions. Assessment of cognitive capacity in people with aphasia (PWA) with standard neuropsychological methods may be problematic due to their language difficulties. Numerous experimental studies indicate that P300 may be considered as an index of cognitive…
Descriptors: Neuropsychology, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Diagnostic Tests, Cognitive Ability
Atkinson, Amy L.; Allen, Richard J.; Baddeley, Alan D.; Hitch, Graham J.; Waterman, Amanda H. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2021
Though there is substantial evidence that individuals can prioritize more valuable information in visual working memory (WM), little research has examined this in the verbal domain. Four experiments were conducted to investigate this and the conditions under which effects emerge. In each experiment, participants listened to digit sequences and…
Descriptors: Verbal Communication, Short Term Memory, Task Analysis, Recall (Psychology)
Rac-Lubashevsky, Rachel; Kessler, Yoav – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2016
Working memory (WM) updating is a controlled process through which relevant information in the environment is selected to enter the gate to WM and substitute its contents. We suggest that there is also an automatic form of updating, which influences performance in many tasks and is primarily manifested in reaction time sequential effects. The goal…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Cognitive Processes, Comparative Analysis, Long Term Memory