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Shi, Guanxue; Lu, Shanshan; Bi, Hualin – Journal of Baltic Science Education, 2023
Explaining natural phenomena by determining causal relationships is conducive to understanding scientific concepts. In science education, numerous studies examine students' causal reasoning. Given the importance of core ideas for students' understanding of how and why a phenomenon occurs, the study focused on the relationship between students'…
Descriptors: Secondary School Students, Thinking Skills, Cognitive Processes, Concept Formation
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Dempsey, Patrick R.; Zhang, Jie – Online Learning, 2019
Despite the prevalence of research on the Community of Inquiry framework and its associated measurement instrument, more research is needed to re-evaluate the factor structure, study the effects of covariates or measurement invariance, and explore the relationships among the three presences. Results of this study indicated that (a) teaching,…
Descriptors: Communities of Practice, Inquiry, Construct Validity, Factor Structure
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McCormack, Teresa; Frosch, Caren; Patrick, Fiona; Lagnado, David – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2015
Three experiments examined children's and adults' abilities to use statistical and temporal information to distinguish between common cause and causal chain structures. In Experiment 1, participants were provided with conditional probability information and/or temporal information and asked to infer the causal structure of a 3-variable mechanical…
Descriptors: Probability, Age Differences, Children, Intervention