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Lewis, Christina M.; Gutzwiller, Robert S. – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2023
Previous work on indices of error-monitoring strongly supports that errors are distracting and can deplete attentional resources. In this study, we use an ecologically valid multitasking paradigm to test post-error behavior. It was predicted that after failing an initial task, a subject re-presented with that task in conflict with another…
Descriptors: Prediction, Task Analysis, Cognitive Processes, Behavior
Lawrence, Rebecca K.; Cochrane, B. A.; Eidels, A.; Howard, Z.; Lui, L.; Pratt, J. – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2023
When a highly salient distractor is present in a search array, it speeds target absent visual search and increases errors during target present visual search, suggesting lowered quitting thresholds (Moher in Psychol Sci 31(1):31-42, 2020). Missing a critical target in the presence of a highly salient distractor can have dire consequences in…
Descriptors: Visual Perception, Error Patterns, Accuracy, Feedback (Response)
Michele Stone – ProQuest LLC, 2023
The effects of fluency-based instruction and accuracy-based instruction on contingency adduction were assessed using an alternating treatments design. Stimulus equivalence tasks were used to measure contingency adduction. Stimulus classes were composed of arbitrary visual forms. One treatment condition consisted of teaching fast, fluent responding…
Descriptors: Task Analysis, Comparative Analysis, Teaching Methods, Mastery Learning
Orientation Effects Support Specialist Processing of Upright Unfamiliar Faces in Children and Adults
Ewing, Louise; Mares, Inês; Edwards, S. Gareth; Smith, Marie L. – Developmental Psychology, 2023
It is considerably harder to generalize identity across different pictures of unfamiliar faces, compared with familiar faces. This finding hints strongly at qualitatively distinct processing of unfamiliar face stimuli--for which we have less expertise. Yet, the extent to which face selective versus generic visual processes drive outcomes during…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Human Body, Accuracy, Task Analysis
Dames, Hannah; Pfeuffer, Christina U. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2021
Post-error cognitive control processes are evident in post-error slowing (PES) and post-error increased accuracy (PIA). A recent theory (Wessel, 2018) proposes that post-error control disrupts not only ongoing motor activity but also current task-set representations, suggesting an interdependence of post-error control and memory. In 2 experiments,…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Error Patterns, Accuracy, Inhibition
Zhang, Mengting; Hupbach, Almut – Learning & Memory, 2020
In a 2014 issue of "Learning & Memory," Reagh and Yassa proposed that repeated encoding leads to semanticization and loss of perceptual detail in memory. We presented object images one or three times and tested recognition of targets and corresponding similar lures. Correct lure rejections after one in comparison to three exposures…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Semantics, Memory, Recognition (Psychology)
Gerwin, Katelyn L.; Brosseau-Lapré, Françoise; Weber, Christine – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2021
Purpose: A growing body of research suggests that a deficit in speech perception abilities contributes to the development of speech sound disorder (SSD). However, little work has been done to characterize the neurophysiological processes indexing speech perception deficits in this population. The primary aim of this study was to compare the neural…
Descriptors: Brain, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Phonetics, Error Patterns
Van Reybroeck, Marie; De Rom, Margot – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2020
Children with dyslexia face persistent difficulties in acquiring reading skills, often making guessing errors characterized by the replacement of a word by an orthographic neighbour. These reading errors could be related to inhibition problems within the reading task. Previous studies examining inhibition skills in dyslexic children led to unclear…
Descriptors: Dyslexia, Reading Difficulties, Error Patterns, Inhibition
Rivera-Rodriguez, Adrian; Sherwood, Maxwell; Fitzroy, Ahren B.; Sanders, Lisa D.; Dasgupta, Nilanjana – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2021
This study measured event-related brain potentials (ERPs) to test competing hypotheses regarding the effects of anger and race on early visual processing (N1, P2, and N2) and error recognition (ERN and Pe) during a sequentially primed weapon identification task. The first hypothesis was that anger would impair weapon identification in a biased…
Descriptors: Brain, Cognitive Processes, Psychological Patterns, Race
Rollins, Leslie; Khuu, Alexis; Lodi, Nafeesa – Learning & Memory, 2019
On forced-choice tests of recognition memory, performance is best when targets are paired with novel foils (A-X), followed by corresponding lures (A-A'), and then noncorresponding lures (A-B'). The current study tested the prediction that encoding variability accounts for reduced performance on A-B' trials. Young adults (n = 43) completed the…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Recognition (Psychology), Memory, Young Adults
Wu, Hsuan-Chen; Biondo, Francesca; O'Mahony, Ciara; White, Sarah; Thiebaut, Flora; Rees, Geraint; Burgess, Paul W. – Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 2020
Some people with autism spectrum disorders have been observed to experience difficulties with making correct inferences in conversations in social situations. However, the nature and origin of their problem is rarely investigated. This study used manipulations of video stimuli to investigate two questions. The first question was whether it is the…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Interpersonal Communication, Error Patterns
Solange Denervaud; Eleonora Fornari; Xiao-Fei Yang; Patric Hagmann; Mary Helen Immordino-Yang; David Sander – npj Science of Learning, 2020
The development of error monitoring is central to learning and academic achievement. However, few studies exist on the neural correlates of children's error monitoring, and no studies have examined its susceptibility to educational influences. Pedagogical methods differ on how they teach children to learn from errors. Here, 32 students (aged 8-12…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Error Patterns, Montessori Method, Brain
Dealing with Big Numbers: Representation and Understanding of Magnitudes outside of Human Experience
Resnick, Ilyse; Newcombe, Nora S.; Shipley, Thomas F. – Cognitive Science, 2017
Being able to estimate quantity is important in everyday life and for success in the STEM disciplines. However, people have difficulty reasoning about magnitudes outside of human perception (e.g., nanoseconds, geologic time). This study examines patterns of estimation errors across temporal and spatial magnitudes at large scales. We evaluated the…
Descriptors: STEM Education, Error Patterns, Accuracy, Abstract Reasoning
Laski, Elida V.; Schiffman, Joanna; Vasilyeva, Marina; Ermakova, Anna – AERA Open, 2016
This study investigated income group differences in kindergartners' and first graders' (N = 161) arithmetic by examining the link between accuracy and strategy use on simple and complex addition problems. Low-income children were substantially less accurate than high-income children, in terms of both percentage of correctly solved problems and the…
Descriptors: Kindergarten, Grade 1, Arithmetic, Accuracy
Jackson, Margaret C.; Linden, David E. J.; Roberts, Mark V.; Kriegeskorte, Nikolaus; Haenschel, Corinna – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2015
A number of studies have shown that visual working memory (WM) is poorer for complex versus simple items, traditionally accounted for by higher information load placing greater demands on encoding and storage capacity limits. Other research suggests that it may not be complexity that determines WM performance per se, but rather increased…
Descriptors: Visual Perception, Short Term Memory, Test Items, Cognitive Processes
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