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Jesse Q. Sargent; Lauren L. Richmond; Devin M. Kellis; Maverick E. Smith; Jeffrey M. Zacks – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2024
Spatial memory is important for supporting the successful completion of everyday activities and is a particularly vulnerable domain in late life. Grouping items together in memory, or chunking, can improve spatial memory performance. In memory for desktop scale spaces and well-learned large-scale environments, error patterns suggest that…
Descriptors: Spatial Ability, Memory, Cognitive Processes, Aging (Individuals)
Ivan Tomic; Paul M. Bays – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2024
Population coding models provide a quantitative account of visual working memory (VWM) retrieval errors with a plausible link to the response characteristics of sensory neurons. Recent work has provided an important new perspective linking population coding to variables of signal detection, including d-prime, and put forward a new hypothesis: that…
Descriptors: Error Patterns, Short Term Memory, Visual Perception, Recall (Psychology)
Stepan, Michelle E.; Altmann, Erik M.; Fenn, Kimberly M. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2021
Sleep deprivation impairs a wide range of cognitive processes, but the precise mechanism underlying these deficits is unclear. One prominent proposal is that sleep deprivation impairs vigilant attention, and that impairments in vigilant attention cause impairments in cognitive tasks that require attention. Here, we test this theory by studying the…
Descriptors: Sleep, Cognitive Ability, Cognitive Processes, Attention
Lei, Xuehui; Mou, Weimin – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
It is a prevailing theoretical claim that path integration is the primary means of developing global spatial representations. However, this claim is at odds with reported difficulty to develop global spatial representations of a multiscale environment using path integration. The current study tested a new hypothesis that locally similar but…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Visual Perception, Spatial Ability, Memory
Spinelli, Giacomo; Lupker, Stephen J. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
In the standard Proportion-Congruent (PC) paradigm, performance is compared between a list containing mostly congruent (MC) stimuli (e.g., the word RED in the color red in the Stroop task; Stroop, 1935) and a list containing mostly incongruent (MI) stimuli (e.g., the word BLUE in red). The PC effect, the finding that the congruency effect (i.e.,…
Descriptors: Cognitive Psychology, Conflict, Cognitive Processes, Reaction Time
Dames, Hannah; Pfeuffer, Christina U. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2021
Post-error cognitive control processes are evident in post-error slowing (PES) and post-error increased accuracy (PIA). A recent theory (Wessel, 2018) proposes that post-error control disrupts not only ongoing motor activity but also current task-set representations, suggesting an interdependence of post-error control and memory. In 2 experiments,…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Error Patterns, Accuracy, Inhibition
Zhang, Lei; Mou, Weimin; Lei, Xuehui; Du, Yu – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
This study investigated when the Bayesian cue combination of piloting and path integration occurs in human homing behaviors. The Bayesian cue combination was hypothesized to occur in estimating the home location or self-localization. In Experiment 1, the participants learned the locations of 5 objects (1 located at the learning position) in the…
Descriptors: Cues, Geographic Location, Navigation, College Students
Hefer, Carmen; Dreisbach, Gesine – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
There is much evidence showing that the prospect of performance-contingent reward increases the usage of cuing information and cognitive stability. In a recent study, we showed that participants under reward conditions even continued using cues even when they were no longer predictive of the required response rule, even at the expense of higher…
Descriptors: Rewards, Contingency Management, Cues, Reaction Time
Gade, Miriam; Paelecke, Marko; Rey-Mermet, Alodie – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
In Simon-type interference tasks, participants are asked to perform a 2-choice reaction on a stimulus dimension while ignoring the stimulus position. Commonly, robust congruency effects are found; that is, reactions are faster when the relevant stimulus attribute and the assigned response match the location of the stimulus. Simon congruency…
Descriptors: Inner Speech (Subvocal), Speech Habits, Stimuli, Congruence (Psychology)
Dreisbach, Gesine; Fröber, Kerstin; Berger, Anja; Fischer, Rico – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2019
One prominent feature of adaptive cognition in humans is the ability to flexibly adjust to changing task demands. In this respect, context-specific proportion congruency (CSPC) effects describe the phenomenon that participants learn to adapt to contexts of frequently occurring conflicts even when the upcoming context cannot be anticipated. Here,…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Adjustment (to Environment), Conflict, Context Effect
Schuch, Stefanie; Pütz, Sebastian – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
The present study investigated the influence of mood state (positive vs. negative) on the cognitive control process of conflict adaptation. A task-switching paradigm was applied, allowing to assess conflict adaptation both within tasks and across tasks. A success-failure manipulation was applied for mood induction. Within-task conflict adaptation…
Descriptors: Task Analysis, Positive Attitudes, Negative Attitudes, Conflict
Kalbe, Felix; Schwabe, Lars – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
Stimuli encoded shortly before an aversive event are typically well remembered. Traditionally, this emotional memory enhancement has been attributed to beneficial effects of physiological arousal on memory formation. Here, we proposed an additional mechanism and tested whether memory formation is driven by the unpredictable nature of aversive…
Descriptors: Prediction, Memory, Fear, Conditioning
Hubbard, Jason; Kuhns, David; Schäfer, Theo A. J.; Mayr, Ulrich – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2017
Conflict-adaptation effects (i.e., reduced response-time costs on high-conflict trials following high-conflict trials) supposedly represent our cognitive system's ability to regulate itself according to current processing demands. However, currently it is not clear whether these effects reflect conflict-triggered, active regulation, or passive…
Descriptors: Conflict, Adjustment (to Environment), Reaction Time, Cognitive Processes
Braem, Senne; Liefooghe, Baptist; De Houwer, Jan; Brass, Marcel; Abrahamse, Elger L. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2017
Unlike other animals, humans have the unique ability to share and use verbal instructions to prepare for upcoming tasks. Recent research showed that instructions are sufficient for the automatic, reflex-like activation of responses. However, systematic studies into the limits of these automatic effects of task instructions remain relatively…
Descriptors: Responses, Context Effect, Visual Stimuli, Performance
Rajsic, Jason; Swan, Garrett; Wilson, Daryl E.; Pratt, Jay – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2017
In this article, we demonstrate limitations of accessibility of information in visual working memory (VWM). Recently, cued-recall has been used to estimate the fidelity of information in VWM, where the feature of a cued object is reproduced from memory (Bays, Catalao, & Husain, 2009; Wilken & Ma, 2004; Zhang & Luck, 2008). Response…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Recall (Psychology), Visual Perception, Cues