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Direct linkRebecca A. Marks; Courtney Pollack; Steven L. Meisler; Anila M. D'Mello; Tracy M. Centanni; Rachel R. Romeo; Karolina Wade; Anna A. Matejko; Daniel Ansari; John D. E. Gabrieli; Joanna A. Christodoulou – Developmental Science, 2024
Children with dyslexia frequently also struggle with math. However, studies of reading disability (RD) rarely assess math skill, and the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying co-occurring reading and math disability (RD+MD) are not clear. The current study aimed to identify behavioral and neurocognitive factors associated with co-occurring MD among…
Descriptors: Dyslexia, Executive Function, Visual Perception, Spatial Ability
Kalashnikova, Marina; Pejovic, Jovana; Carreiras, Manuel – Developmental Science, 2021
Bilingualism is a powerful experiential factor, and its effects have been proposed to extend beyond the linguistic domain by boosting the development of executive functioning skills. Crucially, recent findings suggest that this effect can be detected in bilingual infants before their first birthday indicating that it emerges as a result of early…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Attention, Executive Function, Infants
Dutra, Natália B.; Chen, Lydia; Anum, Adote; Burger, Oskar; Davis, Helen E.; Dzokoto, Vivian A.; Fong, Frankie T. K.; Ghelardi, Sabrina; Mendez, Kimberly; Messer, Emily J. E.; Newhouse, Morgan; Nielsen, Mark G.; Ramos, Karlos; Rawlings, Bruce; dos Santos, Renan A. C.; Silveira, Lara G. S.; Tucker-Drob, Elliot M.; Legare, Cristine H. – Developmental Science, 2022
Self-regulation is a widely studied construct, generally assumed to be cognitively supported by executive functions (EFs). There is a lack of clarity and consensus over the roles of specific components of EFs in self-regulation. The current study examines the relations between performance on (a) a self-regulation task (Heads, Toes, Knees Shoulders…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Self Control, Short Term Memory, Visual Perception
Wilkey, Eric D.; Shanley, Lina; Sabb, Fred; Ansari, Daniel; Cohen, Jason C.; Men, Virany; Heller, Nicole A.; Clarke, Ben – Developmental Science, 2022
Children's ability to discriminate nonsymbolic number (e.g., the number of items in a set) is a commonly studied predictor of later math skills. Number discrimination improves throughout development, but what drives this improvement is unclear. Competing theories suggest that it may be due to a sharpening numerical representation or an improved…
Descriptors: Numbers, Mathematics Skills, Predictor Variables, Number Concepts
Yang, Yang; Zuo, Zhentao; Tam, Fred; Graham, Simon J.; Li, Junjun; Ji, Yuzhu; Meng, Zelong; Gu, Chanyuan; Bi, Hong-Yan; Ou, Jian; Xu, Min – Developmental Science, 2022
Abundant behavioral studies have demonstrated high comorbidity of reading and handwriting difficulties in developmental dyslexia (DD), a neurological condition characterized by unexpectedly low reading ability despite adequate nonverbal intelligence and typical schooling. The neural correlates of handwriting deficits remain largely unknown;…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Brain, Cognitive Processes, Handwriting
Brod, Garvin; Breitwieser, Jasmin; Hasselhorn, Marcus; Bunge, Silvia A. – Developmental Science, 2020
This study investigated whether prompting children to generate predictions about an outcome facilitates activation of prior knowledge and improves belief revision. 51 children aged 9-12 were tested on two experimental tasks in which generating a prediction was compared to closely matched control conditions, as well as on a test of executive…
Descriptors: Prior Learning, Preadolescents, Executive Function, Cognitive Ability
Meijer, Anna; Königs, Marsh; Bruijn, Anne G. M.; Visscher, Chris; Bosker, Roel J.; Hartman, Esther; Oosterlaan, Jaap – Developmental Science, 2021
Previous research in children has shown that higher cardiovascular fitness is related to better executive functioning. However, the available literature is hampered by methodological limitations. The present study investigates the relationship between cardiovascular fitness and executive functioning in a large sample of healthy children (N = 814).…
Descriptors: Physical Fitness, Human Body, Physiology, Correlation
Theodore P. Zanto; Anastasia Giannakopoulou; Courtney L. Gallen; Avery E. Ostrand; Jessica W. Younger; Roger Anguera-Singla; Joaquin A. Anguera; Adam Gazzaley – Developmental Science, 2024
Musical instrument training has been linked to improved academic and cognitive abilities in children, but it remains unclear why this occurs. Moreover, access to instrument training is not always feasible, thereby leaving less fortunate children without opportunity to benefit from such training. Although music-based video games may be more…
Descriptors: Electronic Learning, Musical Instruments, Music, Language Rhythm
Buss, Aaron T.; Spencer, John P. – Developmental Science, 2018
Executive function (EF) is a key cognitive process that emerges in early childhood and facilitates children's ability to control their own behavior. Individual differences in EF skills early in life are predictive of quality-of-life outcomes 30 years later (Moffitt et al., 2011). What changes in the brain give rise to this critical cognitive…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Cognitive Processes, Individual Differences, Cognitive Ability
Moriguchi, Yusuke; Shinohara, Ikuko – Developmental Science, 2018
Low executive function (EF) during early childhood is a major risk factor for developmental delay, academic failure, and social withdrawal. Susceptible genes may affect the molecular and biological mechanisms underpinning EF. More specifically, genes associated with the regulation of prefrontal dopamine may modulate the response of prefrontal…
Descriptors: Young Children, Executive Function, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Genetics
Diaz, Vanessa; Farrar, M. Jeffrey – Developmental Science, 2018
Bilingual preschoolers often perform better than monolingual children on false-belief understanding. It has been hypothesized that this is due to their enhanced executive function skills, although this relationship has rarely been tested or supported. The current longitudinal study tested whether metalinguistic awareness was responsible for this…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Longitudinal Studies, Metalinguistics, Executive Function
Lipina, Sebastián; Segretin, Soledad; Hermida, Julia; Prats, Lucía; Fracchia, Carolina; Camelo, Jorge López; Colombo, Jorge – Developmental Science, 2013
Tests of attentional control, working memory, and planning were administered to compare the non-verbal executive control performance of healthy children from different socioeconomic backgrounds. In addition, mediations of several sociodemographic variables, identified in the literature as part of the experience of child poverty, between…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Poverty, Cognitive Development, Attention
Rose, Susan A.; Feldman, Judith F.; Jankowski, Jeffery J. – Developmental Science, 2011
This study identified deficits in executive functioning in pre-adolescent preterms and modeled their role, along with processing speed, in explaining preterm/full-term differences in reading and mathematics. Preterms (less than 1750 g) showed deficits at 11 years on a battery of tasks tapping the three basic executive functions identified by…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Cognitive Processes, Preadolescents, Premature Infants
Cepeda, Nicholas J.; Blackwell, Katharine A.; Munakata, Yuko – Developmental Science, 2013
The rate at which people process information appears to influence many aspects of cognition across the lifespan. However, many commonly accepted measures of "processing speed" may require goal maintenance, manipulation of information in working memory, and decision-making, blurring the distinction between processing speed and executive…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Individual Differences, Short Term Memory, Decision Making
