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Characterizing the Achievement Motivation Orientation of Children from Low- and Middle-Income Families
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Day, Crystal A.; Burns, Barbara M. – Early Education and Development, 2011
Research Findings: The current study examined achievement motivation orientation in preschool-age children from low- and middle-income families. Participants were 126 children who were attending an urban Head Start site or a private preschool. Children's motivation orientation was assessed as being performance oriented or mastery oriented using a…
Descriptors: Disadvantaged Youth, Student Motivation, Achievement Need, Cognitive Processes
How Young Children Judge Whether a Word Is One They Know: A Dual Criterion Account
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Merriman, William E.; Lipko, Amanda R.; Evey, Julie A. – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2008
Word familiarity judgment may be important for word learning, yet little is known about how children make this judgment. We hypothesized that preschool-age children differ in the judgment criteria that they use and that this difference derives from individual differences in basic memory processes. Those who have superior phonological working…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Vocabulary Development, Word Recognition, Memory
Independence and Interplay between Maternal and Child Risk Factors for Preschool Problem Behaviors?
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Hughes, Claire; Ensor, Rosie – International Journal of Behavioral Development, 2009
This study examined the independence and interplay between cognitive risk factors (poor executive function/emotion understanding) and maternal risk factors (low education/high depression) for preschool problem behaviors, indexed by multi-measure, multi-informant (mother/teacher/ researcher) ratings. A socio-economically diverse sample of 235…
Descriptors: Behavior Problems, Risk, Verbal Ability, Depression (Psychology)
Individual Differences in Preschoolers' Self-Regulation and Theory of Mind
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Jahromi, Laudan B.; Stifter, Cynthia A. – Merrill-Palmer Quarterly: Journal of Developmental Psychology, 2008
Self-regulation, or the ability to control one's actions and responses, is essential for healthy development across varied contexts. Self-regulation comes in several forms, including emotional, behavioral, and cognitive. The present study sought to examine whether individual differences in one form of self-regulation was related to children's…
Descriptors: Validity, Preschool Children, Individual Differences, Self Control
Inhibitory Control and Emotion Regulation in Preschool Children
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Carlson, Stephanie M.; Wang, Tiffany S. – Cognitive Development, 2007
This research investigated the relation between individual differences in inhibitory control and emotion regulation. Preschool children (N=53) ages 4-6 (M=5; 0) were assessed on brief batteries of inhibitory control of prepotent responses and emotion regulation. Individual differences in inhibitory control were significantly correlated with…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Verbal Ability, Individual Differences, Self Control
The Emergence of Autobiographical Memory: A Social Cultural Developmental Theory
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Nelson, Katherine; Fivush, Robyn – Psychological Review, 2004
The authors present a multicomponent dynamic developmental theory of human autobiographical memory that emerges gradually across the preschool years. The components that contribute to the process of emergence include basic memory abilities, language and narrative, adult memory talk, temporal understanding, and understanding of self and others. The…
Descriptors: Cultural Differences, Memory, Preschool Children, Developmental Stages