Three studies examined early development of recall. Children between 2 years 9 months and 5 years of age were tested on nine-item lists containing three objects from each of three conceptual categories or nine objects for nine different conceptual categories. (Author/SS)

Two experiments examined semantic elaboration and interpretation in recognition memory of 4-year-olds and college students. Subjects were presented pictures of color-specific and non-color-specific items, and then tested for their recognition of the chroma of the items. (Author/MP)

Recognition memory performances of preschool children were compared in nine combinations of visual-only, verbal-only, and combined visual-verbal presentation test conditions. Subjects generally performed at a high level of correct responding. Verbal-only presentation resulted in less correct recognition than did either visual-only or combined…

Free recall, cued recall, color recall, organization in recall, and sorting of three and four year olds were assessed on nine-item lists of objects that were orthogonally varied on color and category dimensions. Subjects were 64 boys and girls. (Author/MP)

Three experiments evaluated color specificity knowledge and related semantic effects on recognition memory. (Author/SB)