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Sara T. Cushing – ETS Research Report Series, 2025
This report provides an in-depth comparison of TOEFL iBT® and the Duolingo English Test (DET) in terms of the degree to which both tests assess academic language proficiency in listening, reading, writing, and speaking. The analysis is based on publicly available documentation on both tests, including sample test questions available on the test…
Descriptors: Language Tests, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Academic Language
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Alharbi, Majed A. – JALT CALL Journal, 2016
This study investigated the effects of monolingual book dictionaries, popup dictionaries, and type-in dictionaries on improving reading comprehension and vocabulary learning in an EFL program. An experimental design involving four groups and a post-test was chosen for the experiment: (1) pop-up dictionary (experimental group 1); (2) type-in…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Reading Comprehension, Vocabulary Development, Dictionaries
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Liaghat, Farahnaz; Biria, Reza – International Journal of Instruction, 2018
This study aimed at exploring the impact of mentor text modelling on Iranian English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners' accuracy and fluency in writing tasks with different cognitive complexity in comparison with two conventional approaches to teaching writing; namely, process-based and product-based approaches. To this end, 60 Iranian EFL…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Comparative Analysis, Teaching Methods, Writing Instruction
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Lin, Huifen; Chen, Tsuiping – System: An International Journal of Educational Technology and Applied Linguistics, 2006
Cognitive load can be defined as the amount of mental effort that performing a specific task imposes on a learner's cognitive system. It can be measured by the number of new concepts embedded in a learning task. English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners, with their limited English proficiency and minimal entry knowledge of a subject matter,…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Difficulty Level, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning