Intellectual engagement (IE) refers to enjoyment of intellectual activities and is proposed as causal for knowledge acquisition. The role of IE for cognitive development was examined utilizing 2-year longitudinal data from 112 ninth graders (average baseline age: 14.7 years). Higher baseline IE predicted higher baseline crystallized ability but…

The essay integrates the psychometric intelligence approach with the cognitive-developmental approach or the stage theory erected by Piaget and his disciples. The latter led to Piagetian Cross-Cultural Psychology and the accumulation of an immense body of data. It shows that different IQ levels are indicative of the peculiar stages of cognitive…

This study investigates the relationships of domain-general cognitive abilities and domain-specific verbal and mathematical abilities to students' educational characteristics when two theoretically grounded, but competing structural models are applied. In the standard model, a single latent ability causes interindividual differences in the…

Discontinuation at ages five to six of dietary restriction in 14 children with classic phenylketonuria (PKU--a metabolic disorder which, if untreated, is associated with mental retardation) resulted in deterioration in intellectual function for some of the Ss. Deficits included visual motor integration and cognitive problem solving. (CL)

Studies by the late English psychologist Cyril Burt of IQ scores of separated twins strongly suggested that intelligence was inherited. A summary of recent research costs doubt upon the validity of Burt's work. (SL)

The performance of 4 groups of mentally retarded Ss, ages 14-17 with mental ages of 8-11, was compared to that of 90 non retarded Ss, grades K-5 with comparable mental ages, on the solution of 2 and 3 disc Hanoi Tower puzzles, solutions to which require logical forsight. (BB)

Results of Snijders-Oomen Nonverbal Intelligence Test for 251 deaf and 101 hearing children in Israel included that (1) factor structure for total deaf group differs from that of hearing group; (2) differences in cognitive structure were evident by age level for deaf; and (3) differences exist between cognitive structures of hearing and deaf…

The fact that males outperform females on specific spatial tests is not generally disputed, but the explanations for these differences are controversial. This paper highlights unresolved issues, such as definitions of space and measurement of abilities, and illustrates problems of interpretation of research regarding sex differences. (Author/HS)

Article describes results of a longitudinal study on measuring intelligence of infants. Results cast serious doubt on the notion of measuring general intelligence in the period of infancy. (PS)

The essential components of self-paced systems are frequently prohibitive in cost for implementation for all students. Selection of students who can profit most from individualized programs can be made by choosing students in upper and lower extremes in mental ability who possess certain elements in their cognitive styles. (Author)

To examine whether or not retarded individuals have the same structure of intelligence as normal IQ individuals, test scores from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R), Reitan's Trail Making Test (TMT), and Beery's Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration (VMI) for both a mildly retarded and normal IQ population of…

Results of the study with 24 mildly or moderately retarded subjects (ages 11-55 years) indicates that a separability hypothesis of perceptual development can be extended to retarded populations. Representation as wholistic objects dominated among moderately retarded subjects, and with increasing intelligence, representation of objects as component…

This study is aimed at trying to discover the isolable characteristics of intelligence, of the kind of mental processes which result from it, and of the relationship between intelligence and the formation of concepts. (Author)

This study investigated the relationship between giftedness and conservation of weight based on Piaget's theory of intelligence. A total of 56 gifted and 72 nongifted children (ages 114-150 months) were tested on a series of tasks designed to measure conservation of weight. (MS)