The performance of 75 congenitally blind and 75 sighted subjects (6- to 18-years-old) was compared on 32 Piagetian measures of reasoning, moral judgment, and moral conduct. Among major findings were that blind Ss did not achieve the reasoning processes characteristic of concrete operational thought with the facility or completion that would be…

The author considers memory as being composed of four categories. The fourth category--metamemory--refers to the individual's knowledge and awareness of memory or of anything pertinent to information storage and retrieval. It is that aspect of memory that deals with the how and what of memory itself. The paper first presents a model of what could…

This study explores the cognitive dimensions used by children in differentiating among television characters. Similarity judgments between all possible pairs of 14 television characters were analyzed using INDSCAL, a multidimensional scaling method which allows for individual or subgroup differences in scaling solutions. By linking the results of…

Three extrinsic factors were manipulated in a problem-solving task performed by 80 ten-year-old children of I Q 90-110. The factors were: the presence or absence of the name of the concept given in feedback, specific instructions, and whether the child was allowed to verbalize. The task was a modification of Vygotsky's experiment on concept…

This study investigated children's developmental differences in adopting a clustering strategy while studying items for later recall. The central focus was on developmental differences in the efficient use of study strategies, rather than clustering in recall per se. Twenty-four third- and fifth-graders and 12 college students were given a series…

The mental and physical development of 994 elementary school children, recruited from populations of High, Medium and Low socio-economic and educational level in Israel was followed up for two (and in part for three) years. The pupils were given mental tests to measure the ability to understand the structure and direction of second order…

The purpose of this study was to examine the interrelationships among five measures of aided reading comprehension (reading to each subject while he silently reads or follows along), intelligence, and three measures of cognitive style variables in first grade children. Thirty-four first graders, 13 boys and 21 girls, served as subjects. It was…

This study explored the relationship of two distinctive types of divergent cognitive styles, "cold" creativity and "hot" creativity, to academic overachievement. The "cold" divergent cognitive style was found to be a controlled, problem-solving approach to stimuli, whereas the "hot" divergent cognitive style was a freer, more impulsive response to…

This paper is a critical examination of Piaget's formulations on cognitive development based on recent social learning research. It is suggested that learning to conserve does not seem immutably dependent on the child's attaining some maturational age-related cognitive stage and that Piaget's theorizations do not sufficiently consider social…

This study, which is a partial replication and validation of the 1962 Laurendeau and Pinard study of causal thinking, investigates cross-cultural differences among three age levels of Canadian and American school children in the development of causal thinking. Also studied is the relationship between level of development of causal thinking and…

Research is underway concerning the way the perception, conception, and representation of spatial layout develops. Three concepts are important here--space itself, frame of reference, and cognitive map. Cognitive map refers to a form of representation of the behavioral space, not paired associate or serial response learning. Other criteria…

The research summarized in this paper was conducted on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota. The purpose of the developmental study was to explore the cognitive aspect of development rather than to explore the personality as a whole. The Clinical Exploratory Method of Piaget was employed, which focuses primarily upon an experimental…

Nine conference papers focus on the following topics related to the deaf-blind and their education: pitfalls in the coordination of assessment and treatment of handicapped children, promotion of adaptive patterns in the handicapped child, use of hearing in deaf-blind children, etiology of hearing loss, and the educator's assessment of visual…

This short paper outlines the basic theoretical approach which the Information System for Vocational Decisions (ISVD) developers are using to solve the problem of how people learn about careers, i.e. the cognitive aspects of occupational guidance. The emphasis is on the vocational developmental process, the gradual acquisition of knowledge about…

This study attempts to raise and answer the question as to whether lateral specialization of the brain could explain some of the differences in persons at different stages of intellectual development from birth to adulthood according to Piaget's theory of individual development via sequential, qualitatively different stages.…