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Williams, David; Happe, Francesca – Developmental Science, 2010
Two experiments were conducted to explore the extent to which individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), as well as young typically developing (TD) children, are explicitly aware of their own and others' intentions. In Experiment 1, participants with ASD were significantly less likely than age- and ability-matched comparison participants to…
Descriptors: Autism, Young Children, Comparative Analysis, Intention
White, Sarah; Hill, Elisabeth; Happe, Francesca; Frith, Uta – Child Development, 2009
A test of advanced theory of mind (ToM), first introduced by F. Happe (1994), was adapted for children (mental, human, animal, and nature stories plus unlinked sentences). These materials were closely matched for difficulty and were presented to forty-five 7- to 12-year-olds with autism and 27 control children. Children with autism who showed ToM…
Descriptors: Autism, Cognitive Development, Children, Comparative Analysis

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