This paper investigates the differentiation of cognitive abilities as a function of neuroticism. Specifically, we examine Eysenck and White's [Eysenck, H. J., and White, P. O. (1964). Personality and the measurement of intelligence. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 24, 197-201.] hypothesis that cognitive abilities are less differentiated…

This evaluation of cognitive change in Head Start children focused on changes in performance as opposed to changes in competence; specifically, that Binet test performance improves as a function of experience with Binet examiners. The study involved 93 children assigned to four groups who were tested for IQ gains during a 6-week Head Start program…

Eleven to fourteen year olds judged the size of eight angles. Subjects were grouped according to reading ability and their nonverbal intelligence was measured. Significant differences in performance were found in relation to age and ability variables, and between the angle-size ranges of 0 to 90 degrees and 90 to 180 degrees. (Author/RD)

Three data sources, analyzed presently, failed to reveal a Sex by Race or Sex by Socioeconomic Status interaction. It was suggested that Sex by Race differences in income, education, and so on could be the result of racially related sex role expectations or cultural prejudice. (Author/MV)

This report discusses the outcomes of a study that examined 216 comparably aged children and adolescents (ages 2-18) with fragile X or autism to determine whether longitudinal change in cognitive ability and adaptive behavior was similar in the two groups. Results found decreases in Intelligence Quotient scores in young children with fragile X as…

This paper updates the discussion of Francoys Gagne's Differentiated Model of Giftedness and Talent (DMGT), which proposes a clear distinction between these two most basic concepts in the field of gifted education. Under the DMGT model, giftedness is defined as the possession and use of untrained and spontaneously expressed superior natural…

This paper uses the eskimo as an illustration to argue that research based on a multi-ability model of intelligence such as the structure of intellect (Guilford, 1967) could identify cognitive strengths of culturally different groups and suggest occupational and educational areas where strengths could be used to advantage. (Author/SM)

This paper considers the role of intelligence in lifetime achievement, noting the importance not only of general cognitive ability but also abilities not measured by standardized intelligence tests. It urges educators of the gifted to utilize their knowledge of intelligence and talent development to challenge the one-dimensional conception of…

A Canadian study compared the rate of cognitive disabilities in 156 relatives of 49 individuals with autism to that found in 55 relatives of 18 individuals with mental retardation. No differences were found; however, female and low IQ individuals were found to have higher family histories of cognitive disabilities. (Author/CR)

Genetic effects on specific cognitive abilities as distinct from those on general cognitive ability were studied in 302 pairs of twins (some reared together, some apart) from the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging. Overall, results showed significant genetic influence on specific abilities independent of influence on general ability. (SLD)

Responds to the initial article in this issue that proposes a set of 22 sequentially structured statements on the nature and origin of human abilities, gifts, and talents. Offers an alternative psychometric, quantitative perspective that sees gifts as broad, general analytic capabilities, and talents as specific, content-bound capabilities. (CR)

The relationship between psychometric intelligence and rapid acoustic information processing was explored in two experiments using college students. Group differences occurred in threshold interstimulus intervals required for recognition and in speed. Results were interpreted as indicating better information processing efficiency (higher…

This study examines some relationships pertaining to socioeconomic status and cognitive ability patterns in fourth graders. Specifically, it explores the relative merits of Jensen's hierarchical theory of two levels of cognitive ability, in contrast to a process scheme, positing two parallel modes of coding information. (Editor/SJL)

This study examined effects of intervention on discourse skills on 13 children (ages 3-7) with language delays and cognitive performance above language performance, and 14 children with delays in both language and cognitive performance. The children with lower IQ performance benefited more from the intervention. Service implications are discussed.…

This study, part of a larger project called "Project Competence," explored the relationship between two aspects of social-cognitive ability (interpersonal awareness and social problem-solving) and three aspects of manifest competence in children (social, behavioral, and academic). In a series of hierarchical multiple regressions, social-…