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Buss, Aaron T.; Spencer, John P. – Developmental Science, 2018
Executive function (EF) is a key cognitive process that emerges in early childhood and facilitates children's ability to control their own behavior. Individual differences in EF skills early in life are predictive of quality-of-life outcomes 30 years later (Moffitt et al., 2011). What changes in the brain give rise to this critical cognitive…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Cognitive Processes, Individual Differences, Cognitive Ability
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Huyder, Vanessa; Nilsen, Elizabeth S.; Bacso, Sarah A. – Infant and Child Development, 2017
Learning to behave in socially competent ways is an essential component of children's development. This study examined the relations between children's social, communicative, and cognitive skills and their behaviours during a cooperative task, as well as how these relationships change at different ages. Early school-age (5-8 years old) and middle…
Descriptors: Correlation, Executive Function, Theory of Mind, Child Development
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Wolfe, Christy D.; Zhang, Jing; Kim-Spoon, Jungmeen; Bell, Martha Ann – International Journal of Behavioral Development, 2014
Moderate, yet relatively consistent, associations between cognitive performance and shyness have been reported throughout the child and adult literatures. The current study assessed longitudinal associations between cognition (i.e., executive functioning) and parent-report temperamental shyness from infancy to early childhood and used temporal…
Descriptors: Longitudinal Studies, Correlation, Shyness, Schemata (Cognition)
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Zelazo, Philip David; Blair, Clancy B.; Willoughby, Michael T. – National Center for Education Research, 2016
Executive function (EF) skills are the attention-regulation skills that make it possible to sustain attention, keep goals and information in mind, refrain from responding immediately, resist distraction, tolerate frustration, consider the consequences of different behaviors, reflect on past experiences, and plan for the future. As EF research…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Attention Control, Educational Research, Learning Processes
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Pelham, Sabra D.; Abrams, Lise – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2014
Previous research has documented advantages and disadvantages of early bilinguals, defined as learning a 2nd language by school age and using both languages since that time. Relative to monolinguals, early bilinguals manifest deficits in lexical access but benefits in executive function. We investigated whether becoming bilingual "after"…
Descriptors: Experimental Psychology, Bilingualism, Age Differences, Monolingualism
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Toplak, Maggie E.; West, Richard F.; Stanovich, Keith E. – Developmental Psychology, 2014
We studied developmental trends in 5 important reasoning tasks that are critical components of the operational definition of rational thinking. The tasks measured denominator neglect, belief bias, base rate sensitivity, resistance to framing, and the tendency toward otherside thinking. In addition to age, we examined 2 other individual difference…
Descriptors: Trend Analysis, Taxonomy, Cognitive Ability, Thinking Skills