Intellectual functioning impacts defendants' competence to stand trial, though research on this population remains limited. This study replicated and advanced prior work, focusing on defendants' demographic, clinical, cognitive, and criminal justice variables and their association with length of hospitalization and restoration determinations.…

Expectations of smartness are woven into the foundation of postsecondary education (e.g. admissions, grading). This content analysis examines current postsecondary dis/ability literature through the theoretical frame of DisCrit to identify how concepts of smartness are treated within the field. The findings call for greater interrogation of the…

The present study explored the occupational aspirations of school-age children (N = 394) comparing differences by gender, level of intelligence and grade level. Results indicated that girls' aspirations were more realistic, intrinsically motivated, prosocial and inclusive of higher education than those of boys. Moreover, a higher level of…

Intelligence involves the ability to think, solve problems, analyze situations, and understand social values, customs, and norms. Intelligence is a general mental capability that involves the ability to reason, plan, think abstractly, comprehend ideas and language, and learn. Intellectual ability involves comprehension, understanding, and learning…

In the present study, speeded tasks with differing assumed difficulties of the trials are regarded as a special class of simple cognitive tasks. Exploratory latent growth modeling with data-driven shape of a growth curve and nonlinear structured latent curve modeling with predetermined monotonically increasing functions were used to analyze…

Sex differences on the Dutch WISC-R were examined in Dutch children (350 boys, 387 girls, age 11-13 years) and Belgian children (370 boys, 391 girls, age 9.5-13 years). Multi-group covariance and means structure analysis was used to establish whether the WISC-R was measurement invariant across sex, and whether sex differences on the level of the…

Background: This study examined the ability of 78 children (aged 9-12 years) with an intellectual disability (ID) to provide a narrative account of a staged event they had participated in four days earlier. Method: The children were interviewed using open-ended questions. The quality of their responses (using a story grammar framework) was…

The present study provides a preliminary empirical test of [Chamorro-Premuzic, T., & Furnham, A. (2004). A possible model to understand the personality-intelligence interface. "British Journal of Psychology," 95, 249-264], [Chamorro-Premuzic, T., & Furnham, A. (2006a). Intellectual competence and the intelligent personality: A…

This study investigated the relationship between Jensen's Level I-Level II mental abilities and how they correlate with problem solving in college students. The Level I-Level II correlation was not significant, but intelligence and problem solving were significantly correlated. Results are discussed in relation to prior findings. (Author/RD)

To assess the effects of individual attentional focus differences on measures of mental skills, distractibility was studied for 272 first- and second-year college undergraduates through a speeded visual search task and tests of mental and verbal ability. Results suggest that perceptual/attentional factors are an important aspect of measured…

The vocabulary and block design short forms of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition were administered to 63 children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), 69 children with reading difficulties (RD), and 68 children with comorbid ADHD and RD. No significant differences were found. (Contains references.)…

A study examined the frequency and cognitive correlates of enlarged head circumference in 63 children with autism (ages 4-14). Macrocephaly occurred at a significantly higher frequency. Children with discrepantly high nonverbal abilities had a mean standardized head circumference that was more than 1 standard deviation greater than the reference…

In this study, children (ages 7-12) of average intelligence who had learning disabilities (LD) (n=29) and typical children (n=30) were individually tested in a task that investigated the development of proportional structures of thought. In addition, mathematical knowledge was assessed on the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Achievement-Revised (WJTA-R).…

Arthur Jensen has argued that genetic differences in abstract reasoning ability, not cultural bias in the test item, are the causes of differences in standardized test performance between American Blacks and Whites. He used a study by Frank McGurk to support his argument. McGurk's study used test items judged most cultural or least cultural. These…

Three experiments were conducted with 91 male and 91 female university students to assess sex differences in performance on speeded matching tests and theory on same-different judgments. Results are interpreted via the dual-process hypothesis of same-difference judgments with sex differences explained in terms of serial comparison processes rather…